PreAP Thursday 11/3 Take out spiral notebook for notes Title: Unit 4 Notes Part 1 Early Revolution Essential Questions: 1. How do the battles of the Texas Revolution in 1835 compare to the battles of the Texas Revolution in 1836? 2. How did differences among Texas leaders affect the Revolution?

Unit 4 Notes Part 1: Early Revolution

Why did the Mexican Army send more troops to Texas? Mexican authorities became worried about men such as William B. Travis General Cos planned to arrest Texas rebels and take them to Mexico City in chains Texans formed committees of correspondence to keep colonists informed General Martin Perfecto de Cos - Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila y Texas and Brother-in-law of Santa Anna

What was the Battle of Gonzales? October 2, 1835 – First battle of Texas Revolution Colonel Ugartechea ordered city of Gonzales to give up a small cannon 160 Texans led by Colonel John H. Moore refused and decorated it with a flag “Come and Take it” Mexican troops withdrew and no Texans were killed Texans at Gonzales decorated their cannon with a white flag daring Mexican soldiers to “Come and Take it”

What happened at Goliad? October 9, 1835 – 100 men take the fort at Goliad, Texas. Texans overconfident—believed Mexican troops could be defeated easily Texans prepared to march against Cos in San Antonio—the Mexican stronghold of TX La Bahia fort at Goliad

Why did the Texans lay siege at San Antonio? Stephen F. Austin gathered 300 men at Gonzales to march to San Antonio – 100 join on the way. This is the “Army of the People” Texans began a siege at San Antonio. Trying to force Mexicans to surrender due to lack of supplies.

Siege of San Antonio

What was the Consultation? November 3, 1835 – During siege of San Antonio, others met at San Felipe. The Peace Party proposed to declare loyalty to the Mexican Constitution of 1824 War Party wanted to declare independence from Mexico

What statement did the Consultation adopt? November 1835: Consultation met Issued “Declaration of the People of Texas in General Convention Assembled” Declared loyalty to Mexico Pledged support to Constitution of 1824 Opposed Santa Anna Urged Mexican citizens to join them Offered land to those that helped

What was the Provisional Government? Created a Provisional/Temporary government Powers were vague…leads to conflict Created a regular army under Sam Houston SFA sent to U.S. to plead for aid General Sam Houston

What was the “Grass Fight”? A skirmish over a Mexican mule train outside San Antonio (reported by Texas army scout Erastus “Deaf” Smith) Texans thought they were intercepting money, but discovered that their cargo consisted only of grass for Cos’ horses!

What was the Battle of San Antonio? Texas volunteers called off the siege in early December 1835 because, they were cold, hungry, restless, and running out of supplies When the siege was ending, commander Edward Burleson got news that the Mexican army was weakened. Ben Milam, an empresario who had helped capture Goliad, gathered 300 men to fight with him into San Antonio

“Who will go with old Ben Milam into San Antonio?”

How did the Texans attack San Antonio? The Texas volunteers fought their way into San Antonio and pushed Mexican forces toward the center of town.

What happened to Ben Milam? On Dec. 7, the third day of the siege, a sniper sitting in this tree shot and killed Ben Milam.

What advantage did the Texans have? Texans had an advantage of fighting from house to house against a force trained to fight in open combat. The Mexican soldiers retreated to an abandoned mission known as the Alamo.

How did the Battle of San Antonio end? On December 9, General Cós surrendered. He promised to never again fight against the Texans or the Constitution of 1824 In return he and his men were allowed to return to Mexico. Texans believed that the war was over because they had defeated the Mexican army

Why did the Provisional Government fail? Disagreements resulted in a breakdown of government, leaving Texas unprepared to fight Santa Anna

What costly errors plagued the Texans? The 2 ½ months after the Texan victory at San Antonio was wasted time for the Texas rebels Texans had little leadership, and many of the volunteers went home By the end of 1835, many Texans refused to recognize Sam Houston as the military leader Texas forces were spread out and unable to communicate General Sam Houston

How were Texas troops divided? 100 men remained in San Antonio under Colonel James Neill 50 men with Col. Frank W. Johnson and 50 under Dr. James Grant at San Patricio 450 men with Col. James Fannin at Goliad Colonel James Walker Fannin

What was Santa Anna’s mission? Determined to rid Mexico of the Anglo rebels and punish the defiant Tejanos Quickly gathered troops to make a march from Northern Mexico to San Antonio Forced to gather many untrained troops Divided troops into two forces General Santa Anna

How did the Texans Underestimate Santa Anna? Texans did not believe Santa Anna would march his troops during the winter. They expected to have until the Spring to prepare. Santa Anna led 4-6K soldiers to San Antonio while General Jose Urrea led 2K up the Texas Gulf Coast towards Goliad