Late Gothic Art Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

15TH CENTURY ART IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND SPAIN Factors that contributed to the development of cities in the fifteenth century: The migration of a significant portion of the rural population to urban centers. The thriving commerce, industry, and finance of Europe’s economic development, spurred by the first international commercial stock exchange.

Book of Hours A book used for reciting prayers. They replaced traditional psalters, which had been the only liturgical books in private hands until the mid-13th century. The centerpiece was the Office of the Blessed Virgin, which contained liturgical passages to be read privately at set times during the day. An illustrated calendar containing local religious feast days usually proceeded the Office. Penitential psalms, devotional prayers, litanies to the saints, and other prayers followed the centerpiece.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry shown in by The three Limbourg Brothers, Pol (possibly Paul), Hennequin (possibly Jean or Jan), and Herman. Limbourg Brothers May from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1413-1416 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 8 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.

Stylistic characteristics that link the illuminations done by the Limbourg brothers with fourteenth-century Sienese painting: Growing artistic interest in naturalism. Close observation of the natural world and Convincing shadows cast by the people and objects. Depiction of a perceptual reality, as shown by the architectural detail. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Limbourg Brothers February from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1413-1416 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 8 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.

October from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry The illustration for October depicts the Louvre as it appeared in the time of Charles V in a highly realistic manner.  In the foreground a man scatters seeds for a spring crop as another on horseback drags a medieval tiller across the field.  Notably, this illumination contains the first representations of ground shadows since Classical antiquity Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Limbourg Brothers October from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1413-1416 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 8 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.

In the Middle Ages, it was much more common to exchange gifts on Twelfth Night -- January 6th -- than on Christmas Day itself. The great feast here may have been meant to depict a Twelfth Night celebration. The Duc de Berry himself is depicted on the right, in blue, seated at the lavishly-laden table. Philip the Bold and Duc du Berry (Duke of Berry) were considered two northern dukes who are generally considered to have been the greatest patrons of the arts in northern Europe in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries: Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Limbourg Brothers January from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1413-1416 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 8 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Symbolic Meaning A symbolic fountain of life, with the Blood of Christ flowing down over the Old Testament prophets, washing away their sins into the well below. It represents the promise of everlasting life. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Claus Sluter Well of Moses Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France 1395-1406 stone figures approximately 6 ft. high

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

New feature seen in the work: Two medieval conventions retained: The multi-image format allowed artists to construct narratives through a sequence of images, somewhat like manuscript illumination. Two medieval conventions retained: Flat gold background. Staid treatment of figures and the traditional halos. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Mechior Broederlam Retable de Champmol From Chapel of the Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon, France Installed 1399 tempera on panel panels each 5 ft. 3 3/4 in. x 4 ft. 1 1/4 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Polyptych Hinged multipanel paintings. Retable An architectural screen or wall above and behind an altar, usually containing painting, sculpture, carving, or other decorations. Triptych A three-paneled painting or altarpiece.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Humanity’s Redemption. Theme Humanity’s Redemption. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Ghent Altarpiece (closed) Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium 1432 oil on wood 11 ft. 5 3/4 in. high

Ghent Altarpiece (closed) (detail of St. John the Evangelist) Jan van Eyck Ghent Altarpiece (closed) (detail of St. John the Evangelist) Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium 1432 oil on wood 11 ft. 5 3/4 in. high Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Bottom: Judges - knights - community of saints from the four corners of the earth proceeding toward the altar of the Lamb (the sacrificed Son of God) and the octagonal fountain of life – hermits – pilgrims Top: Adam – a choir of angels - Mary (Queen of Heaven) - God the Father – St. John the Baptist – an angel playing the organ - Eve Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Ghent Altarpiece (open) Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium 1432 oil on wood 11 ft. 5 3/4 in. high

Symbolism Hermits: Temperance Judges: Justice Pilgrims: Prudence Knights: Fortitude

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Painting technique was perfected by fifteenth-century Flemish painters Oil. Description of technique: Layers are laid down in transparent glazes over opaque or semiopaque underlayers. Painters could build up deep tones through repeated glazing. Compared to tempera technique Oils dry more uniformly and slowly, providing the artist more time to rework areas and permitting the mixing of pigments.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

List Three characteristics of his style: The figures and action are compressed onto a shallow stage to concentrate the observer’s attention. Crisp drawing and precise modeling of forms. compositional unity is created through a series of lateral undulating movements, strengthened by psychological means, namely the anguish shared by many figures. In contrast to the complex symbolism of Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden stressed in his paintings human action and drama. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Rogier van der Weyden Deposition from Notre- Hors-les-murs, Louvain, Belgium ca. 1435 oil on wood approximately 7 ft. 3 in. x 8 ft. 7 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

The Guild of St. Luke As in Italy, boys were apprenticed to a master at an early age. The master taught the fundamentals of the craft: how to make implements, how to prepare panels, and how to mix colors, oils, and varnishes. Once he mastered these techniques, a painter worked as a journeyman in various cities, learning from other masters. He was then eligible to become a master and applied for admission to the guild. He obtained commissions through the guild. The guild also inspected his paintings to ensure that he used quality materials and to evaluate workmanship.

Judgment Altarpiece (open) Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune, France Rogier van der Weyden Judgment Altarpiece (open) Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune, France ca. 1444-1448 panel 7 ft. 4 5/8 in. x 17 ft. 11 in. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Two fifteenth-century Flemish painters who demonstrated the greatest interest in the depiction of space and cubic form were Dirk Bouts and Hugo van der Goes Scholars believe that Dirk Bouts was the first northern artist to utilize a single vanishing point for construction of an architectural interior. Dirk Bouts Last Supper From Saint Peter’s, Louvain, Belgium 1464-1468 oil on wood approximately 6 ft. 5 in. high Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Portinari Altarpiece (open) From Sant’Egidio, Florence, Italy Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hugo van der Goes Portinari Altarpiece (open) From Sant’Egidio, Florence, Italy ca. 1476 tempera and oil on wood 8 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 10 ft. (center) 8 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 4 ft. 7 1/2 in. (wings)

Symbolism: Iris and columbine: The Sorrows of the Virgin. Sheaf of wheat: Bethlehem (“house of bread” in Hebrew). Harp of David: The ancestry of Christ. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hugo van der Goes Central Panel Portinari Altarpiece From Sant’Egidio, Florence, Italy ca. 1476 tempera and oil on wood

Portinari Altarpiece (open) From Sant’Egidio, Florence, Italy Hugo van der Goes Portinari Altarpiece (open) From Sant’Egidio, Florence, Italy ca. 1476 tempera and oil on wood 8 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 10 ft. (center) 8 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 4 ft. 7 1/2 in. (wings) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

subject matter Hans Memling specialized in were images of the Madonna. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hans Memling Saint John Altarpiece Hospital Sint Jan, Bruges, Belgium 1479 oil on wood 5 ft. 7 3/4 in. x 5 ft. 7 3/4 in (center) 5 ft. 7 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 7 1/8 in (wings)

Style The Madonna is a young, slight, pretty princess holding a doll-like Christ. The pictorial style is opulent with rich, luminous colors, carefully depicted tapestries, and serene figures. The composition is balanced and serene. The execution is of the highest technical quality. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Merode Altarpiece (open) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Robert Campin Merode Altarpiece (open) ca. 1425-1428 oil on wood 2 ft. 1 in. 2 ft. 1 in. (center)

The blending of sacred and secular effected the way devotional images were painted in that Biblical scenes were often presented as happening in a Flemish house. The book, candle, water jug and towels symbolize Mary’s purity and divine mission. in the Mérode Altarpiece. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Dissatisfaction with the clergy. Two factors that contributed to the great demand for images for private devotion: Dissatisfaction with the clergy. Popular reform movements advocated personal devotion. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Three characteristics of his style: Every object functions as a religious symbol. Attention to detail: carefully rendered architecture and the carpenter’s shop is inventoried completely. The Mérode Altarpiece is personalized to the patron with references to the patron’s name and his wife’s name, and the setting is definitively Flemish. Robert Campin also known as the Master of Flémalle Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

The probable purpose of the painting Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride is to record and sanctify the marriage; other think Arnolfini is conferring legal privileges to his wife to conduct business in his absence. Symbolism Cast aside clogs indicating… The event is taking place on holy ground Dog…. Fidelity (fido, “to trust) Open curtains of the marriage bed Bed Post finial…. Statue of St. Margaret, patron saint of childbirth. Whisk broom…. Domestic care Oranges…. Fertility Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride 1434 oil on wood 2 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 11 1/2 in.

Scenes from the passion of Christ Gods ever-present Single Burning Candle All-seeing eye of God Small medallions… Scenes from the passion of Christ Gods ever-present Conventional Gender Roles Woman stand near the Bed Man near the window Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride 1434 oil on wood 2 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 11 1/2 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

It may have been commissioned by The guild of goldsmiths for their guild chapel. Saint Eligius was a master goldsmith before committing his life to God. The painting is set in a goldsmith’s shop. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Petrus Christus A Goldsmith in His Shop (St. Eligius) 1449 oil on wood 3 ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 10 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

The significance about the pose of the Man in a Red Turban is that this is the first Western painted portrait where the subject looks directly at the viewer. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Man in a Red Turban 1433 oil on wood 10 1/4 in. x 7 1/2 in.

Jan van Eyck Annunciation c. 1435 oil on canvas 93 x 37 cm Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Annunciation c. 1435 oil on canvas 93 x 37 cm

Jan van Eyck Annunciation c. 1435 oil on canvas 93 x 37 cm Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jan van Eyck Annunciation c. 1435 oil on canvas 93 x 37 cm

Flemish characteristics of Rogier’s Portrait of a Lady that distinguish it from the work of Italian artists such as Ghirlandaio: Her demeanor seems pious and reserved rather than stern or simply uncharacterized. Three-quarters view instead of a formal profile. Little emphasis on surface detail; instead, he defined large, simple planes and volumes, achieving an effect of dignity and grace. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Rogier van der Weyden Portrait of a Lady ca. 1460 oil on panel 13 3/8 in. x 10 1/16 in.

The Temptations of Saint Anthony Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch The Temptations of Saint Anthony 1510 oil on wood 70 x 51 cm

The Temptations of Saint Anthony Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch The Temptations of Saint Anthony 1510 oil on wood 70 x 51 cm

The Creation of the World Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch The Creation of the World 1505-1510 oil on wood 76 3/4 x 43 1/4 in.

Creation of Eve, Garden of Earthly Delights, Hell Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch Creation of Eve, Garden of Earthly Delights, Hell 1505-1510 oil on wood 7 ft. 2 5/8 in. x 6 ft. 4 3/4 in. (center)

Nude people cavorting in a landscape dotted with bizarre creatures and objects that suggest procreation. Might be a Last Judgment scene. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights 1505-1510 oil on wood 7 ft. 2 5/8 in. x 6 ft. 4 3/4 in. (center)

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Garden of Earthly Delights (center panel) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights (center panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

Garden of Earthly Delights (center panel) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights (center panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

God presenting Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch The Creation of Eve (left panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

The Creation of Eve (left panel) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch The Creation of Eve (left panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

The Creation of Eve (left panel) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch The Creation of Eve (left panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

The horrors of Hell. Hieronymus Bosch Hell (right panel) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch Hell (right panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

Hieronymus Bosch Hell (right panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hieronymus Bosch Hell (right panel) 1505-1510 oil on wood 220 x 389 cm

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

The three-quarter stances of the figures and the clear, sharp focus. Two features of Fouquet’s panel that are similar to Flemish donor portraits: The donor appears in the left panel with his patron saint. The donor is kneeling with hands clasped in prayer, and the saint appears with the instrument of his martyrdom. The three-quarter stances of the figures and the clear, sharp focus. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Jean Fouquet Melun Diptych Étienne Chevalier and Saint Stephen ca. 1450 oil on wood 3 ft. 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 9 1/2 in.

Melun Diptych Étienne Chevalier and Saint Stephen Jean Fouquet Melun Diptych Étienne Chevalier and Saint Stephen ca. 1450 oil on wood 3 ft. 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 9 1/2 in. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

attr. Enguerrand Quarton The Avignon Pieta Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. attr. Enguerrand Quarton The Avignon Pieta ca. 1455 oil on wood 5 ft. 4 in x 7 ft. 2 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Hunt of the Unicorn ca. 1498-1500 wool, silk, and metal thread 12 ft. 1 in. x 12 ft. 5 in.

Unicorn in Captivity ca. 1498-1500 wool, silk, and metal thread Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Unicorn in Captivity ca. 1498-1500 wool, silk, and metal thread

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Miraculous Draught of Fish Konrad Witz Miraculous Draught of Fish from Cathedral of St. Peter, Geneva, Switzerland 1444 oil on wood 4 ft. 3 in. x 5 ft. 1 in. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Madonna in the Rose Garden Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Stephan Lochner Madonna in the Rose Garden ca. 1430-1435 tempera on wood 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 4 in.

Madonna in the Rose Garden Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Stephan Lochner Madonna in the Rose Garden ca. 1430-1435 tempera on wood 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 4 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Death and Assumption of the Virgin Veit Stoss Death and Assumption of the Virgin from Church of St. Mary, Kraków, Poland 1477-1489 painted and gilded wood 43 ft. x 35 ft. overall Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Tilman Riemenschneider The Assumption of the Virgin center panel of the Creglingen Altarpiece Creglingen, Germany 1495-1499 carved lindenwood 6 ft. 1 in. wide Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

printed in Mainz, Germany Johannes Gutenberg Gutenberg Bible printed in Mainz, Germany ca. 1454-55 printed ink on paper 43-62 cm Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

printed in Mainz, Germany Johannes Gutenberg Gutenberg Bible printed in Mainz, Germany ca. 1454-55 printed ink on paper 43-62 cm Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Michel Wolgemut and Shop Nuremburg Chronicle Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Michel Wolgemut and Shop Nuremburg Chronicle 1493 printed ink on paper

Temptation of Saint Anthony Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Martin Schongauer Temptation of Saint Anthony ca. 1480-1490 engraving 13 x 11 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Gil de Siloé Christ Crucified Carthusian Monastery Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Gil de Siloé Christ Crucified Carthusian Monastery 1496-1499 painted and gilded wooden altarpiece

Colegio de San Gregorio Valladolid, Spain Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Plateresque Portal Colegio de San Gregorio Valladolid, Spain ca. 1498

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.