POL 100 Lecture 8
Politics and Society What is Society? Social interaction and social divisions within society The thinning of social bonds and fixed allegiances-greater individualism—post-industrialism (recall) Individualism vs. communitarianism Role played by technology?
The evolution of society Traditional societies->class divided societies->modern societies Gemeinschaft (community) & Gesellschaft (association)- (Ferdinand Tonnies) Industrialization and the development of a two-class model—towards economic class divisions—traditional social hierarchies displaced
The evolution of society: from the 2-class model to greater egalitarianism? In industrialized states the gap between the two classes becomes less polarized with time Neo-Marxists, the urban proletariat-Herbert Marcuse Post-industrial societies-a larger service industry (as opposed to manufacturing) – ‘de-industrialization’ The prospect of an atomist society The role of technology; pros and cons. How has it impacted society?
Decline of Society? Decline of social capital? Individualism-> Economic Individualism-> consumerism Consumerism feedback into individualism Has liberal individualism legitimized selfishness and greed?
Identity Politics Defining identity? Key concept: difference between primordialism and social constructivism. Examples? Link to Politics: Identity self-assertion; i) Marginalization developed by dominant groups ii) Re-shape the discriminatory politics surrounding a particular identity Fanon-Racism-Algeria E. Said-Orientalism-Eurocentrism
Race and Ethnicity Colonialism and the racial discourse Anti-Semitism Apartheid Black liberation Rise of ethnic politics and ethno-nationalist movements Consciousness raising?
Gender Politics Social construct based on stereotypes of ‘femininity’ and ‘masculinity’ First-wave feminism Second-wave feminism
Religion and politics Secularism? The Cold War and the third pole Secularization thesis; secular values displace spiritual values Fundamentalist movements is various religions? Theocracy? Examples?