Transmyocardial laser revascularization: experimental studies in healthy porcine myocardium Georg Lutter, MD, Juergen Martin, MD, Noriyuki Takahashi,

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Transmyocardial laser revascularization: experimental studies in healthy porcine myocardium Georg Lutter, MD, Juergen Martin, MD, Noriyuki Takahashi, MD, Michio Yoshitake, MD, Jirka Schwarzkopf, MD, Egbert Nitzsche, MD, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 67, Issue 6, Pages 1708-1713 (June 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00322-7

Fig 1 Left ventricular function in healthy porcine myocardium during the perioperative course of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) (left ventricular stroke work index in mJ/g). Shortly after TMLR, a significant deterioration of left ventricular stroke work index compared with baseline values was observed in laser groups 1 and 2. Even after a 6-hour observation period left ventricular stroke work index did not increase and demonstrated significantly reduced values in laser groups 1 and 2 compared with baseline (∗p < 0.05, †p < 0.001) (B = baseline; AT = after thoracotomy; A TMLR = after TMLR; h = hours). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 1708-1713DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00322-7)

Fig 2 The maximal left ventricular stroke work index was assessed after a 6-hour observation period in all study groups and compared with baseline values. In laser groups 1 and 2, a comparable reduction in left ventricular stroke work indexmax. was observed at the end of the experiment, with a significant reduction compared with control group (†p < 0.01 and baseline, ∗p < 0.05). Mean values (column height) and standard deviation (error bars) are shown. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 1708-1713DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00322-7)

Fig 3 Comparison of the total amount of the left ventricular myocardium, ischemia, and necrosis (of a transversal section of the left ventricular free wall) for controls and laser groups 1 and 2. The area of the left ventricle in the control and laser groups did not differ significantly. The areas of ischemia and necrosis of laser groups 1 and 2 were not significantly higher than in control group. Mean values (column height) and standard deviation (error bars) are shown. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 1708-1713DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00322-7)

Fig 4 Myocardial water content in the analyzed left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX) territory of healthy porcine myocardium after transmyocardial laser revascularization and an observation period of 6 hours for controls and laser groups 1 and 2. Myocardial water content of laser groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in the LAD and LCX territory compared with controls (∗p < 0.01). Mean values (column height) and standard deviation (error bars) are shown. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 1708-1713DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00322-7)