Nitriding Team Nitriding The diffusion of nitrogen into the surface layers of low carbon steels at elevated temperature. The formation of nitrides in the surface layer creates increased mechanical properties. Team Nitriding Beth Blumhardt – Brent Fogal – Greg Mooren – Jana Young

Nitriding Introduction Benefits of Nitriding Types of Nitriding Future of Nitriding Process Determination CVD Reaction Deposition Process Diffusion Depth Process Results Introduction

Nitriding Benefits Principal Reasons for Nitriding are: Obtain High Surface Hardness Obtain a Resistant Surface Increase Wear Resistance Increase Tensile Strength and Yield Point Improve Fatigue Life Improve Corrosion Resistance (Except for Stainless Steels) Benefits

Nitriding Background Improves Mechanical Properties Surface Hardness Corrosion Resistance Chemical Reaction Nitrogen & Iron Core Properties Not Effected Temperature Range 495 - 565 ºC Below Tempering Temperature White Layer By-Product Thin Hard Iron Nitride Background

***Lots of more nitriding methods for specific applications*** Process methods for nitriding include: Gas Liquid Plasma Bright Pack ***Lots of more nitriding methods for specific applications*** http://www.nitriding.co.uk/np01.htm

Gas Nitriding Gas methods: Case-Hardening Process Nitrogen Introduction Surface of a Solid Ferrous Alloy Suitable Temperature Between 495 and 565°C (for Steels) Nitrogenous Gas Ammonia

Liquid Nitriding Liquid nitriding: Thermo-chemical Diffusion Treatment Hardening Components With Repeatability.  Salt Bath, at Less Critical Temperatures. Preserves Dimensional Stability Corrosion Protection Exhibit Long-Term Resistance to Wear, Seizure, Scuffing, Adhesion and Fatigue.

Plasma Nitriding Set-Up Process Vacuum Chamber Pressure = 0.64 Pa Pre-Heat Cycle Surface Cleaning Ion Bombardment Control Gas Flow N, H, CH4 Ionization by Voltage Blue-Violet Glow Wear Resistant Layer Set-Up Process http://www.milwaukeegear.com/nitrid.htm

The Future of Nitriding Replacing Liquid Nitriding Environmental Effects Ease of Control More Complex Substrates Performed at Lower Temperatures Creates Higher Residual Stress < PLASMA / ION NITRIDING http://www.northeastcoating.com/

Problem Statement Gas Nitriding How do the variables of nitriding steel affect the process and the mechanical properties of the surface? The following variables were investigated: Time Temperature Gas Velocity Develop Process Model

CVD Equations CVD Process Calculations

CVD Reaction Calculations

CVD Process Calculations

Calculations Surface Composition The Following Variables Were Used in The Calculation of C surface η(T) ρ(T) D(T) δ(T,v) hmass(T,v) Calculations

Case Depth Calculations

Case Depth Calculations

Case Depth Calculations

CONCLUSION Time Effects Increase Diffusion Depth Temperature Effects Surface Composition Deposition Efficiency Diffusion Rate Diffusion Depth Gas Velocity Effects Replenishes Nitrogen Gas Minimizes Stagnant Layer Thickness

CONCLUSION Continued Microstructural Effects Processing Temperature Surface Microstructure Mechanical Property Effects Improves Surface Hardness Wear Resistance Corrosion Resistance Fatigue Life Yield Strength Lowers Ductility Fracture Toughness Continued