INTRO TO ELECTRONICS PART 1

Purpose Of Lesson Part 1 What is electricity and how does it work. How do different elements act with electricity.

VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON PERIODIC TABLE PARTS OF ATOM: PROTON, NEUTRON, & ELECTRON ELECTRON LEVELS ELECTRON FLOW CONDUCTOR INSULATOR SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERCONDUCTOR

CONDUCTOR ANY MATERIAL THAT CAN CONDUCT (CARRY) ELECTRONS (ELECTRICITY). CAN YOU NAME SOME?

CONDUCTORS SILVER COPPER GOLD ALUMINUM IRON STEEL BRASS BRONZE MERCURY GRAPHITE DIRTY WATER CONCRETE ETC…

ELECTRONS ELECTRONS PROTON NEUTRON

ELECTRONS FLOWING DOWN A CONDUCTOR ANY MATERIAL THAT CAN CONDUCT (CARRY/PASS ELECTRONS.)

ELECTRONS LEVELS LEVELS 1ST = 2 2ND = 8 3RD = 18 4TH = 32 5TH = 50 MORE FULL = MORE STABLE = LESS CONDUCTIVE

ELECTRONS = PROTONS = NUMBER TRADITIONAL VIEW

IN THE ROUND

ELEMENTS THAT CAN OR CAN’T CARRY ELECTRONS The outer electron shell determines a lot about the atoms properties Helium wants two electrons and has two, so it is very “happy” “inert” will not conduct. Hydrogen, Lithium, & the Sodium are “not happy” they are very reactive and will conduct electricity.

Size Matters The larger the atom, the farther away from the nucleus the outer electron shell, and therefor the more readily it will conduct. Copper conducts well, and is used heavily in electronics and in the walls of homes It corrodes! Not, very cheap. Silver conducts 10 times better. But it also corrodes It is not cheap at all $35 an ounce! Used in electrical contacts, and some electronics

Size Matters Aluminum is lighter metal used by the electric company for power lines. It doesn’t conduct very well, so it heats up and gets hot! So, not safe for use inside the walls of a home! Has been banded since 1970’s for use inside a structure. 1/3 the power made by the power plant is lost in transmission to your house! It is much cheaper than copper. It corrodes. However, the corrosion layer the oxide layer prevents further corrosion from occurring. It seals itself!

Size Matters Mercury and Gold are heavy elements that conduct electricity very easily. They are both used heavily in electronics. Gold is 100 times as efficient as copper, and doesn’t corrode. Mercury is a liquid, which can be useful. But, it is toxic! Lead corrodes, it is toxic, but it is still used in electronics. Example: Lead acid batteries are under the hood of most cars. Lead

ELECTRONS FLOWING DOWN A CONDUCTOR OUTER ELECTRON CAN EASILY JUMP FROM ATOM TO ATOM EASIER = BETTER CONDUCTOR HARDER = POOR CONDUCTOR (GOOD HEATING ELEMENT!)

INSULATOR ANY MATERIAL THAT STOPS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS.

INSULATORS SOME OF THESE MATERIALS AIR GLASS - FIBERGLASS RUBBER PLASTIC CERAMIC - PORCELAIN OIL - ASPHALT NATURAL FIBERS – COTTON, PAPER, WOODS, & ETC. EVEN ULTRA PURE WATER ETC… NOTE: There are types and conditions when basically all types of gasses, glass, rubber, plastics, ceramics, etc. can be made conductive!

SEMICONDUCTOR We use semiconductors in the production of most electronic components. Most of the computer chips, memory, storage devices, sensors, and displays used in electronics are made with semiconductors. Silicon is by far the most common. Germanium and carbon are also very prevalent materials in electronics.

SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON the most abundant element in the earth’s crust It’s basically GLASS It can either conduct or act as an insulator depending on how it is treated!

SUPERCONDUCTORS CONDUCT ELECTRONS WITHOUT LOSING ANY!! NO HEAT GIVEN OFF!!! ALL THAT WE HAVE ARE ONES THAT WORK WHILE VERY COLD!!!

SUPERCONDUCTORS Scientist are looking for a room temperature superconductor for years now with no luck. If they find one it will revolutionize the WORLD AS WE KNOW IT!!!! Superconductors also exhibit almost magical properties!

WE HAVE DISCUSSED WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? ELECTRON FLOW CONDUCTOR INSULATOR SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERCONDUCTOR

END OF PART 1