GPP Training toolkit 1. Green Public Procurement (GPP) – An Introduction Module aims: To present the strategic role of GPP for public authorities – demonstrating the power of procurement as a tool for addressing different policy objectives, and the benefits this can bring. It also provides several case studies to demonstrate that GPP is already being successfully implemented across the EU. Trainers’ notes have been included under certain slides to highlight points to be emphasised, or provide further background information. This document forms part of the EU GPP Training Toolkit. The full toolkit can be found on the European Commission GPP website: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/index_en.htm

GPP Training Toolkit Module 1: Introduction Module 4: Needs Assessment Module 2: Strategic Aspects of GPP Module 5: Circular Procurement Module 3: Legal Aspects of GPP Module 6: Market Engagement Module 7: Operational (Key sectors for GPP) Module 1: Introduction

Public procurement is a powerful market force Why procurement? Public procurement is a powerful market force €1.8 trillion is spent by EU public authorities each year (14% of EU GDP) GPP aims to use this power to drive the market for more sustainable goods and services Module 1: Introduction

Public transport services Why procurement? Public authorities buy a huge range of goods and services Building renovation Computers Catering services Road construction Office stationery Vehicles Electricity Public transport services Cleaning services Furniture Public sector market share typically 5-15% - sometimes much higher Module 1: Introduction

The impacts of procurement Every product we buy has a huge range of environmental impacts, across the product life-cycle Supply chain Consumption of raw materials Energy/water use, emissions and (toxic) waste from industrial processing and transportation Usage Energy/water consumption Generation of waste and emissions Use of consumables (e.g. paper, ink) Disposal Generation of waste Toxic emissions Potential new raw material Module 1: Introduction

Impacts: Climate change/CO2 emissions Impacts of our purchases: Electricity used to power our buildings and equipment Fuel consumed by our vehicles or to heat our buildings Emissions from industrial processes and transportation throughout supply chains How can GPP help? Require high energy efficiency standards for buildings and products Purchase green electricity Shift to zero emission vehicles (and encourage suppliers to do the same) The next three slides indicate how GPP can help tackle three specific sustainability goals – climate change, air/water quality, and waste and resource use. Procurement is a flexible tool which can be used to tackle a wide variety of policy goals, therefore additional slides may be prepared depending on the priorities of interest to the intended audience. Module 1: Introduction

Impacts: Air and water quality Impacts of our purchases: Pollution from vehicles owned by the public sector, running our services or delivering our products Use of chemical products (e.g. for cleaning) containing toxic substances Use of chemical based pesticides and fertiliser in food production How can GPP help? Shift to zero emission vehicles (and encourage suppliers to do the same) Require cleaning services to be carried out with ecolabel compliant products Specifying organic in food and catering contracts Module 1: Introduction

Impacts: Waste and resource use Impacts of our purchases: Disposal of electrical products at end of life Waste materials from construction and demolition work Packaging used in delivery of goods How can GPP help? Promote circular economy solutions Require extended product lifetimes, and guarantee of spare parts Demand reduced or reusable packaging Encourage the use of recycled materials in construction Module 1: Introduction

Impacts Procurement can be a powerful tool in meeting environmental policy objectives …. ….OR…. ….It can be part of the problem Module 1: Introduction

Green Public Procurement GPP is … “a process whereby public authorities seek to procure goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle when compared to goods, services and works with the same primary function that would otherwise be procured” GPP can affect environmental impact: Directly – through improved environmental performance of goods, services and works bought Indirectly – through using this market leverage to encourage companies to invest in cleaner products and services Module 1: Introduction

EU GPP Policy & Regulatory Framework EC Communication (2017): Making Public Procurement work in and for Europe – key priorities include: Ensuring wider uptake of innovative, green, and social procurement Boosting the professionalism of public buyers Revised Public Procurement Directives (2014) – key aim to facilitate and ensure the greater inclusion of common societal goals in the procurement process. This presents two of the essential components of the European Commission’s policy and regulatory support framework for GPP. The underlying message is that procurement is considered by the EC a key tool for promoting environmental and other societal goals. Further information on the historical background of EC GPP policy: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/gpp_policy_en.htm References: Making Public Procurement work in and for Europe (COM(2017) 572) - http://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/25612 Public Procurement Directives: Directive 2014/24/EU on public procurement & Directive 2015/25/EU on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors - http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/eu_public_directives_en.htm Module 1: Introduction

GPP in practice: Munich (2017) Organic and nutritionally-balanced food for schools Catering contract for 300 facilities (490,000 students) At least 50% organic produce (90-100% for meat products, and 100% for eggs) Fish from certified sustainable sources Contract awarded 40% on price, 50% on variety and taste, 10% on other social and environmental factors Case study Link for case study: ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/newsalert/Issue78_Case_Study_154_Munich.pdf Module 1: Introduction

GPP in practice: Wageningen (2016) Circular procurement of furniture Circular procurement approach for City Hall refurbishment Furniture products to indicate the composition and origin of all materials and how they will be reutilised after the product lifetime (part of Dutch ReNtry programme) No toxic materials, and no temporary packaging Prices achieved no higher than normal Case study Link for case study: ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue69_Case_Study_138_Wageningen.pdf Module 1: Introduction

GPP in practice: Vaasa (2014) Recovering biogas to power public transport City of Vaasa aims to be climate neutral by 2035 12 new biogas powered buses purchased, together with maintenance services Biogas generated by local waste management company from sewage sludge 15% higher cost than diesel buses – but fuel costs staying in regional economy Case study Link for case study: ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/news_alert/Issue76_Case_Study_151_Vaasa.pdf Image: City of Vaasa Module 1: Introduction

Further guidance and support Buying Green (3rd edition, 2016) EU GPP criteria Good Practice Examples GPP Helpdesk For further support on GPP, contact the EU’s free Helpdesk Full links: Buying Green: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/buying_handbook_en.htm EU GPP criteria: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/eu_gpp_criteria_en.htm Good practice examples: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/case_group_en.htm (further links presented in Module 2) Helpdesk: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/index_en.htm Toolkit developed for the European Commission by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability Module Author: ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Owner, Editor: European Commission, DG Environment, 2019 Photos: courtesy of Pixabay.com under Creative Commons CCO Disclaimer: This toolkit is an indicative document of the Commission services and cannot be considered binding to this institution in any way. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the information in this document. Module 1: Introduction