Photosynthesis The process by which a cell captures the energy in sunlight and uses it to make food. Photo means “light”; synthesis means “putting together”

Photosynthesis Equation Sunlight energy 6CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide oxygen water Glucose (sugar) (food) (raw ) materials (products)

Capturing the Sun’s Energy The green color in plants come from the main pigment which is chlorophyll. Other pigments (red, yellow, orange) are also found in the leaf, but chlorophyll masks these colors until it dissolves in the fall season.

Stomata are openings on the underside of leaves to control the movement of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor.

Stomata-plural Stoma-singular Guard cells

What happens to the products of photosynthesis in plants? Plant cells use some of the sugar for food. The cell’s mitochondria break down the sugar molecules to get energy in order to carry out all the plant’s functions for living. Some sugar molecules are converted into other compounds like cellulose or starch. Oxygen is given off and is used by organisms for respiration. (21% of Earth’s atmosphere is oxygen.)

Respiration (Cellular Respiration) The process in which cells break down simple food molecules (glucose) and releases energy.

Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY glucose oxygen carbon water (sugar) dioxide (food) raw materials products

The word “respiration” often refers to breathing The word “respiration” often refers to breathing. Breathing brings in oxygen which is necessary for cellular respiration to occur in most cells. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen. Example: cells in your body Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen. Example: yeast during fermentation

Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the sun. Directly=autotrophs Indirectly=heterotrophs

The mitochondria or “powerhouse” of the cell is where cellular respiration takes place.

Photosynthesis and respiration can be thought of as opposite processes.

The process that provides the organism with energy without oxygen is called fermentation. Amount of energy released from each sugar molecule is much lower than cellular respiration. Yeast and some other unicellular organisms produce alcohol as a product of fermentation. (beer, wine, bread) This is alcoholic fermentation. Your muscles can lack enough oxygen that lactic acid forms as a product. This is called lactic-acid fermentation.