Grammar Revision

Wh Questions: Where/When/why/who We use WH questions to ask for information Where do you work? wh + auxiliary + sub + verb Why is he playing? Wh + auxiliary + sub + verb Where was he born? Wh + auxiliary + sub + verb

Like and would like Like + VING Verb – enjoyment, habits/ preference I like playing football. Sub + like + ving Would like to + VERB 1 Would like = want to I would like to play soccer with you one day. Sub + would like to + verb 1

Like and would like (Questions) Do/does you like playing football? Did he like swimming? Would like: Would you like to go to UK? Yes I would like to. Yes I’d like to Would he like to work here? No, he wouldn’t like to work here.

Verb patterns Like, enjoy, hate, start, love. Verb + ving. I like reading. Sub + like + VING I hate teaching you sub + hate + VING

Modal verbs MUST USE VERB ONE Do/Does/Did/Will/Would/Shall/Should/Can/Could/ May/Might…. MUST USE VERB ONE I will go tomorrow. sub + modal + VERB 1 Did you go? modal + sub + verb1 I can play football. sub + Modal + VERB 1

Verb to be 1. (Continuous) Present: (am/is/are) I am teaching. sub + am/is/are + VING Past: was/were He was learning Sub + was/were + VING

Verb to be: 2. PASSIVE We use passive when: The subject is not known. My phone was stolen. was/were + VERB 3 The subject is not important Electricity was invented in 1752 by Benjamin.

can and could Subject + can/could + verb 1 can Expresses ability Can you drive? could Similar to can, more formal. could I ask you a question

a/an an: We use ‘an’ with vowel letters (a/e/i/o/u): (Singular / Countable / Vowel) . This is an apple. I ate an orange. EXCEPTIONS: Hour / Honest / Honour. I will see you in an hour.

a/an a: We use ‘a’ before: (Singular / Countable / Non-Vowel) I have a car. She ate a burger. EXCEPTION: University / Uniform I bought a uniform.

Future: Will and going to We use ‘will’ if we decide now: Oh ok, I will call him now. Sub + will + verb 1 We use ‘going to’ if we decided already (Plan) I know, I am going to visit him tomorrow. Sub + am/is/are + going to + verb 1

Comparative (two things) We use comparative to compare between two items. Ahmed is taller than Ali Form: sub + am/is/are + adj(er) + than+ sub iPhone is more expensive than Samsung. sub + am/is/are + more+adj+than+sub

Superlatives (comparing between more than two things) Messi is the richest player. Sub + am/is/are + the + adj(est) Gucci is the most expensive. Sub + am/is/are + the + most + adj Exceptions: Good / Better/ Best Bad / Worse / Worst Far / further / Furthest Al Nasr (عالمي) is better than Al Hilal. Nishimura is the best. Al Hilal is the worst.

Preposition of time On: Day/Date I will go on Monday. (day Midterm exam is on 28th of March. (date) At: Night/Noon My flight is at night. Exam is at noon.

2. Preposition of time In: Month/Year/season My birthday is in July. (Month) KSU was built in 1957. (Year) I will go in the winter (Season) The morning / evening / afternoon My exam is in the morning. The game is in the evening. Duhur is in the afternoon.

(ALWAYS/USUALLY/OFTEN/SOMETIMES / RARELY / NEVER.) 1. Adverbs of Frequency We use them to describe how often we do something: (ALWAYS/USUALLY/OFTEN/SOMETIMES / RARELY / NEVER.) Form for normal verbs: sub + adverb of frequency + VERB I usually teach grammar. He never plays tennis.

Verb to be: am/is/are/was/were 2. Adverbs of frequency Verb to be: am/is/are/was/were With verb to be the adverb of frequency is AFTER the verb. I am always on time. sub + am/is/are + adverb of frequency He is never late. sub + am/is/are + adv of freq

Prefixes: (un/ir/im/in/dis…) We use prefixes before a word to change its meaning. Negative: Unhappy, unknown, unable Irregular, irresponsible, Dislike, disadvantage Impossible, immoral Inaccurate,

2. Prefix: (Multi, Anti, Sub, Super) Multi: many Anti: opposite of / against Sub: below/under … subzero submarine Super:

might might – possibility He might be late. It might rain. Subject + might + verb1

Present perfect Subject + have/has + verb3 An action that started in the past and is unfinished. I have lived in Riyadh since August An action that started in the past and finished in the past. (possibility that it might happen again) I have visited the USA. Brazil (Past Perfect) vs. Pele (Past Simple)

Past Perfect When I arrived the film had started. Subject + had + verb 3

First conditional Meaning Expresses a possibility. If + sub + present simple, sub + will + verb 1 If I pass the test, I will buy a new phone. If I pass, I will buy a new phone.

Should/must Should - Suggestion or advice You look very ill, you should see a doctor Sub + should + verb 1 Must - Strong obligation You must have a driving licence to drive. Sub + must + verb1