Functional adaptation of venous smooth muscle response to vasoconstriction in proximal, distal, and varix segments of varicose veins Joseph D. Raffetto,

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Functional adaptation of venous smooth muscle response to vasoconstriction in proximal, distal, and varix segments of varicose veins Joseph D. Raffetto, MD, Xiaoying Qiao, MD, PhD, Katie G. Beauregard, BS, Alain F. Tanbe, MD, Abhinav Kumar, BS, Virak Mam, BS, Raouf A. Khalil, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 51, Issue 4, Pages 962-971 (April 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.11.037 Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Effect of angiotensin II (AngII) on control veins and varicose vein (VarV) segments. Segments of control veins and proximal, distal, and varix segments of VarV were stimulated with AngII (10–12 to 10–7 M), and the contractile response was presented in (A) absolute grams, (B) mg/mg tissue weight, (C) as a percentage of control contraction to 96 mM KCl, or (D) as the percentage of maximal AngII contraction. Data represent the means ± standard error of the means for 12 to 19 experiments. *Significantly different (P < .05) from corresponding measurements in control segments. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 962-971DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.11.037) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) in control veins and varicose veins (VarV). Segments of control veins and proximal, distal, and varix segments of VarVs were homogenized and prepared for Western blot analysis. AT1R was detected using antibody to AT1R (1:200). The optical density of the AT1R immunoreactive bands was normalized to the housekeeping protein actin. Data represent the means ± standard error of the means (n = 5 measurements). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 962-971DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.11.037) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Effect of phenylephrine (PHE) on control veins and varicose vein (VarV) segments. Segments of control veins and proximal, distal, and varix segments of VarV were stimulated with PHE (10–9 to 10–4 M), and the contractile response was presented (A) in absolute grams, (B) in mg/mg tissue weight, (C) as the percentage of control contraction to 96 mM KCl, or (D) as the percentage of maximal PHE contraction. Data represent the means ± standard error of the mean for 17 to 28 experiments. *Significantly different (P < .05) from corresponding measurements in control segments. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 962-971DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.11.037) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 KCl induced contraction in control veins and in varicose vein (VarV) segments. Segments of control veins and proximal, distal and varix segments of VarV were stimulated with 96 mM KCl depolarizing solution, and the steady-state contraction was measured. Data represent the means ± SEM for 17 to 28 experiments. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 962-971DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.11.037) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions