Phones up! Have your court cases out

Match the following court cases and their significance: Upheld the Equal protection clause (the negro school would not have been created equally to the white school) Mexican American children were not receiving the same services of the white children at the same school; court allowed separate classes in 1st grade (later changed in 1957) 14th amendment is not a 2 class but a multi class theory; therefore a Mexican American being tried by an all white jury is not acceptable Plessy v. Ferguson was deemed unconstitutional, making segregation in the classroom illegal 14th amendment was used to show that segregated schools should at least have equal facilities and education resources Brown v. Board of Education Mendez v. Westminster Sweatt v. Painter Hernandez v. Texas Delgado v. Bastrop ISD

1950s and Civil Rights The ball gets rolling

Recap Jim Crow laws in the South Plessy v Ferguson (1896) Stated that segregation is legal as long as facilities were equal Were they ever really though?

Through the 1930s and 1940s.... Supreme Court cases dealing with Jim Crow and segregation Lead by the NAACP Thurgood Marshall - champion lawyer Jim Crow laws weakest in education University cases applicants were denied entry to higher education solely because of race

Brown v Board of Education (1954) Problem: state-sponsored segregation in education Separate school systems for whites and blacks inherently unequal Violated “equal protection clause” of the 14th amendment Judges couldn’t agree Chief Justice Fred Vinson died - replaced by Earl Warren Re-heard case Warren got everyone to agree to a unanimous decision "We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. . ." http://glench.com/EyesOnThePrize/ Video link- 2:06

Separate but equal is inherently unequal, but how are we going to fix this? Discuss: How to make sure southern states actually desegregate? Should this happen immediately or more gradually? Do you think desegregation worked? Is racial segregation solely a southern issue? http://glench.com/EyesOnThePrize/ 4:41 (90 odd years is pretty gradual) 6:07 (Eisenhower- gradual is a good thing)

Does segregation still exist? Wheatley High School, 5th Ward, HISD

So what happens when desegregation goes into effect? In reality: States were given a generous timetable in order to begin the desegregation process What issues could this cause? Make sure to express to students that arkansas was a moderate southern state that had already had desegregation in several public places, including higher education http://glench.com/EyesOnThePrize/ 8:30 9:56

Let’s get to the DEEP South- Montgomery Bus Boycott Should be familiar… Rosa Parks (1955) How does the community react? What message did this send across the south? What soon-to-be famous person has her back?

Montgomery Bus Boycott (continued) The boycott proved extremely effective had enough riders lost to the city transit system to cause serious economic distress Martin Luther King later wrote "[a] miracle had taken place." Instead of riding buses, boycotters organized a system of carpools, with car owners volunteering their vehicles or themselves driving people to various destinations. Some white housewives also drove their black domestic servants to work. South Reactions? Bombings start a year later

Little Rock, Arkansas 1957 - “The Little Rock Nine” 9 african americans selected to desegregate all white school Governor Orval Faubus, current governor, sent national guard to prevent those students from entering George Wallace, former governor, stood in doorway to prevent students as well Eisenhower sent federal troops to push integration Explain that national guards were used to keep black students from entering the school (OMG seriously- fed troops to disobey fed law); at the end of the month Ike decided to send in troops to escort students to and from classes. http://glench.com/EyesOnThePrize/ Start on 16:29, 17:16, 19:53, 23:20, and 24:43

STAAR QUESTION AHEAD...

An angry mob of over 1,000 whites gathers in front of Central High School, while nine African American students are escorted inside. The Little Rock police remove the nine children for their safety. —Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site, National Park Service, www.nps.gov (accessed December 2, 2013) This confrontation centered around — A disagreement over the use of taxes to fund public education B the refusal of federal courts to hear cases concerning civil rights violations C the denial of First and Fifth Amendment freedoms by southern state legislatures D resistance by state and local governments to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling