Properties of Matter

Physical Properties Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting point Boiling point Density Ductility Magnetism

Viscosity: the tendency of a liquid to keep flowing – its resistance to flowing . Greater = slower the liquid moves Viscosity usually decreases when heated

Conductivity Ability to allow heat to flow. Those materials that have a high conductivity like metals are called good conductors. Usually means conductors of heat and electricity.

Malleability Ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Most metals are malleable.

Hardness One way to compare is to see which material scratches the other. Diamond is the hardest mineral and Talc is softest.

Melting and Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid is its melting point. Water = 0° C The temperature at which a substance boils is its boiling point. Water = 100 ° C

Density

Physical Properties Some of the properties of the material change, but the substances in the material remain the same. Water from liquid to a gas during boiling Crumpling and slicing change size and shape. Some can be reversed (freezing and melting)

Chemical Properties Any ability to produce a change in composition of matter. Can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

Flammability Materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen. Sometimes not desirable property. Children's sleepwear. (flame-resistant) Materials that can burn are used for fuel.

Reactivity How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances. Oxygen is reactive easily with most other elements. Rust Nitrogen is not reactive and used on ships as a gas to decrease rusting.

Buoyant Force The upward force on an object immersed in a fluid. If the buoyant force is equal to the object then it floats. If the buoyant force is less than the object then it sinks.