ແຜນທີ່ຂັ້ນຕອນການດຳເນີນງານ Process Mapping

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ແຜນທີ່ຂັ້ນຕອນການດຳເນີນງານ Process Mapping Dr. Nishan Sharma nishan.sharma@ucalgary.ca University of Calgary, Canada October 2015 ແປໂດຍ: ດຣ ເພັດວິໄລ ເສນາວົງ

Process Mapping process mapping ແມ່ນການຂຽນແຜນທີ່ຂັ້ນຕອນການດຳເນີນງານຂອງໂຮງໝໍຂອງທ່ານເປັນແນວໃດ ນຳໄຊ້ເມື່ອທ່ານຕ້ອງການແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາໃນບາງຂັ້ນຕອນ (ອາດຈະປະຢັດງົບປະມານ ຫຼື ປະຢັດເວລາ) ເມື່ອທ່ານພົບກັບບັນຫາການຂຽນຂັ້ນຕອນຂະບວນການດຳເນີນງານທີ່ລະອຽດແມ່ນວິທີນຶ່ງທີ່ຈະຊ່ວໃຫ້ທ່ານຮູ້ຈຸດທີ່ຕ້ອງການປັບປຸງ,ປ່ຽນແປງ ການເຮັດprocess mapping :ແມ່ນມີຄວາມສຳຄັນຫຼາຍຍ້ອນວ່າບໍ່ມີໃຜທີ່ຈະຮູ້ທຸກຢ່າງໄດ້ລະອຽດ The basics of process mapping. There are actually lots of reasons to do it, but with the activities, deliberately mention saving time, or saving money.

Process Mapping process mapping ຊ່ວຍທ່ານຊອກຫາ: ແຕ່ລະພາກສ່ວນທີ່ເຮັດວຽກທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນຈຳເປັນຕ້ອງມີແຜນດຳເນີນງານຂອງຕົນເອງ ຊອກເບິ່ງວ່າມີພາກສ່ວນໃດແນ່ທີ່ສາມາດເຮັດວຽກຮ່ວມກັນ ຊອກຫາວ່າພາກສ່ວນໃດແດ່ທີ່ຕ້ອງການປັບປຸງ e.g.ເບິ່ງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂະບວນການຊັກຊ້າ ຊອກບີ່ງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ປະຕິບັດບໍ່ທັນໄດ້ດີ ຊອກເບິ່ງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ບໍ່ຈຳເປັນ Can use an example here. I have used a patient on an overnight stay. Everyone has their job – the doctor, the nurse, the pharmacy, the cleaning staff, the family – but not everyone necessarily knows what everyone else is doing. If you were to try and improve how an overnight stay is handled, you WOULD have to know how all the pieces come together, because making a change to one part will affect all of the others.

Process Mapping process mapping: ແມ່ນຈະສ້າງຂື້ນໂດຍການການປະຊຸມຮ່ວມກັນ ,ການຝຶກເຮັດວຽກເປັນທີມ ເຮັດໃຫ້ທີມງານຮູ້ໜ້າທີ່ພາລະບົດບາດຂອງແຕ່ລະຄົນວ່າມີໜ້າທີ່ຫັຍງແລະຊ່ວຍກັນສ້າງທີມ ການປະຊຸມເຮັດໃຫ້ແຕ່ລະຄົນມີໂອກາດໄດ້ເວົ້າເຖິງການແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາ The benefits of process mapping as it relates to building the team.

Process Mapping ຈະສ້າງprocess mappingໄດ້ແນວໃດ: ເຊີນໝົດທຸກຄົນທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມໃນຂະບວນການດັ່ງກ່າວປະຊຸມຮ່ວມກັນ ທ່ານໝໍ, ພະຍາບານ, ການຢາ ບໍລິຫານ, ວິຊາການ, ອຳນວຍການ ແລະພະນັກງານອື່ນໆ ຄັດເລືອກປະທານໃນການສົນທະນາ ເປັນຜູ້ທີ່ສາມາດເວົ້າກ່ຽວກັບບັນຫາ ອຸປະກອນຮັບໄຊ້ – ເຈ້ຍ ແລະບິກ

Process Mapping ໃຫ້ທ່ານຄິດກ່ຽວກັບບັນຫາ, ຕົວຢ່າງ: ບັນຫາຂອງຂ້ອຍ: ຂ້ອຍໄປການຊ້າເລື້ອຍໆ ຖ້າບໍ່ມີ process mapping,ຂ້ອຍອາດຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ເຮັດບາງຢ່າງເພື່ອແກ້ບັນຫາເຊັ່ນວ່າຍ້າຍເຮືອນມາໄກ້ຫ້ອງການ ມັນເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ດີຄວນເຮັດຫຼືບໍ່ ? ຂ້ອຍຕ້ອງເບິ່ງວ່າຈະແກ້ບັນຫາໄດ້ແນວໃດໂດຍທີ່ບໍ່ຕ້ອງຍ້າຍເຮືອນ ຫຼື ນອຍຕື່ນເດິກ ຂ້ອຍຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ຂຽນ process map As I am not a clinician, I have gone with a non-clinical example in my workshops. I found this was relatable to all, including the undergraduate students. The question reminds them that a process map should done with a goal in mind – you might try and save time, money, resources, etc.

Process Mapping ຫຼັງຈາກທີມງານຂອງທ່ານລວມຕົວກັນແລ້ວຈະຕອ້ງດຳເນີນການ 4 ຂັ້ນຕອນ: ຂຽນຈຸດເລີ່ມຕົ້ນແລະຈຸດສຸດທ້າຍຂອງຂະບວນການ ຂຽນກິດຈະກຳແຕ່ລະພາກສ່ວນໄຫ່ຍໆທີ່ຈະເຮັດໃນຂະບວນການດັ່ງກ່າວ ຊອກຫາລາຍລະອຽດໃນແຕ່ລະພາກສ່ວນ ຕື່ມໃສ່ໃຫ້ຄົບຖ້ວນແລ້ວທ່ານຈະຮູ້ວ່າທ່ານຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຂະບວນການສົມບູນຂື້ນຕື່ມແນວໃດ This is an overview of the process

Process Mapping ລອງຄິດກ່ຽວກັບບັນຫາຂອງຂ້ອຍ: ໄປການຊ້າ. ຂ້ອຍຈະເຊີນໃຜແນ່ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມໃນກອງປະຊຸມ? ບັນຫາຂອງຂ້ອຍແມ່ນຫັຍງ(write it on the map) This question brings home the steps before starting process mapping – stating the problem, thinking about who should be there for the exercise.

Process Mapping – Step 1 ແມ່ນຫັຍງຄືຈຸດເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ ແລະ ຈຸດສຸດທ້າຍ? ຕົວຢ່າງ:ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນເມື່ອຂ້ອຍຕື່ນນອນ ແລະສຸດທ້າຍຂ້ອຍໄປຮອດຫ້ອງການ ຂຽນລົງໃນແຜນທີ່ You could have only the title come in for each step first, and ask the group what the first, second, third, fourth steps are. I write the start and end points on the left and right sides of the paper, respectively. I draw a line between the two points. Note: My example is very linear. Process maps can get very complicated with side branches elaborating all of the steps each team member makes, shown on the map.

Process Mapping – Step 2 2. ແມ່ນຫັຍງທີ່ເປັນພາກສ່ວນສຳຄັນໃນຂະບວນການນີ້? ຂ້ອຍກຽມພ້ອມແລ້ວ ຂ້ອຍຊ່ວຍລູກສາວກະກຽມຄວາມພ້ອມ ຂ້ອຍໄປສົ່ງລູກສາວຢູ່ໂຮງຮຽນ ຂອຍໄປການ

Process Mapping – Step 3 3.ເບີ່ງແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນຕອນແລະຖາມແຕ່ລະຄົນວ່າໃນແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນຕອນເຂົາເຈົ້າເຮັດຫັຍງ ຂ້ອຍກຽມພ້ອມແລ້ວ ໃຜມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ? ຂ້ອຍເອງ ຖູແຂ້ວ,ອາບນໍ້າ, ນຸ່ງເຄ່ືອງ ຂ້ອຍຊ່ວຍລູກສາວກຽມພ້ອມ ໃຜມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ? ຂ້ອຍ, ລູກສາວ ແລະ ເມຍຂອງຂ້ອຍ ຂ້ອຍແຕ່ງອາຫານເຊົ້າໃຫ້ລູກ ຂ້ອຍແຕ່ງອາຫານສວຍໃຫ້ລູກຖືໄປກິນຢູ່ໂຮງຮຽນ ລູສາວບອກວ່າກິນອາຫານເຊົ້າ ລູສາວບອກວ່ານຸ່ງເຄື່ອງ ແລະກຽມເຄື່ອງ ເມຍຂ້ອຍບອກວ່າຈະກວດເບິ່ງວ່າວຽກບ້ານໄດຢູ່ໃນກະເປົາ

Process Mapping – Step 3 ຂໍ້ຄວນຈື່ : ມັນມີຄວາມສຳຄັນທີ່ຈະຕ້ອງຖາມໝົດທຸກຄົນໃນທີມງານວ່າເຂົາເຈົ້າເຮັດໜ້າທີ່ຫັຍງໃນແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນຕອນ ເພາະວ່າບາງທີເຂົາອາດຈະເຮັດບາງຢ່າງທີ່ທ່ານບໍ່ຮູ້ ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ສຳເລັດການຕື່ມລາຍລະອຽດ ຂ້ອຍໄປສົ່ງລູກຢູ່ໂຮງຮຽນ ພວກເຮົາຍ່າງໄປໂຮງຮຽນ ຂ້ອຍໄປການ ຂ້ອຍຍ່າງໄປການ

Process Mapping – Step 4 ຂໍ້ຄວນຈື່ – ໃນຂະບວນການນີ້ຂ້ອຍພະຍາຍາມຊອກຫາຈຸດທີ່ຈະສາມາດປະຢັດເວລາ 4. ຕື່ມເວລາໃສ່ໃນແຜນທີ່ຂອງຂ້ອຍແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນຕອນ ຕື່ມໃສ່ຕາມຄວາມເໝາະສົມ ຈຸດໃດແນ່ທີ່ຂ້ອຍສາມາດປະຢັດເວລາ? With the question, I will get suggestions to speed up my shower time, make lunch the night before or have my wife make lunch, use my car to drive, etc. I write the suggestions on the map, add up the time savings

Process Mapping ເມື່ອທ່ານສັງເກດແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນຕອນຂອງຂະບວນການຢ່າງລະອຽດ, ທ່ານຈະເຫັນວ່າແມ່ນຫັຍງແນ່ທີ່ທ່ານຄວນເຮັດແລະມີຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ ຕົວຢ່າງ: ໃນຂັ້ນຕອນທີ່ຂ້ອຍຊ່ວຍລູກສາວໃນກາກຽມພ້ອມ ຂ້ອຍເຮັດອາຫານສວຍໃຫ້ລາວ(ເປັນອາຫານທີ່ງ່າຍໃນການເຮັດ, ຫຼື ຂ້ອຍສາມາດເຮັດໄວ້ແຕ່ຕອນກາງຄືນ ) ລູກສາວກິນອາຫານເຊົ້າ(ອາຫານບາງຊະນິດອາດເຮັດໃຫ້ເສຍເວລາ,ບາງທີອາດຄິດຫາເມນູອື່ນ) ລູສາວບອກວ່ານຸ່ງເຄື່ອງ(ບາງທີຖ້າກຽມເຄື່ອງໄວ້ແຕ່ກາງຄືນຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ໄວຂື້ນ)

Process Mapping ຖ້າທ່ານສ້າງແຜນທີ່ຂື້ນ,ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ທ່ານເຂົ້າໃຈລະບົບລະອຽດຂື້ນຕື່ມ ຂໍ້ຄວນຈື່, process mapping ຊ່ວຍທ່ານໃນກນຊອກຮູ້: ທຸກໆພາສ່ວນ ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ແຕ່ລະພາກສ່ວນດຳເນີນໄປນຳກັນແນວໃດ ຮູ້ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ຕ້ອງການປັບປຸງ ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂະບວນການຊັກຊ້າ ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ເຮັດວຽກບໍ່ຄ່ອຍໄດ້ດີ ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ບໍ່ຈຳເປັນໃນຂະບວນການ

Activity ໃຫຂຽນ process map 1ຢ່າງໃນກຸມຂອງທ່ານ ຢ່າລືມຂຽນບັນຫາຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ເຮັດຕາມ 4 ຂັ້ນຕອນ ຈາກນັ້ນນຳສະເໜີ process maps Supplies – big sheets of paper, tape to put them on wall when presenting, markers. This activity takes about 30 minutes.

Process Mapping ບໍຕ້ອງຂຽນໝົດທຸກຂະບວນການໃນໂຮງໝໍຂອງທ່ານ ຂະບວນການດຳເນີນງານທີ່ດີຈະສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນຈຸດນ້ອຍໆທີ່ສາມາດປັບປຸງໄດ້ This point is about the temptation to map out too much. With a defined start and end, can put brackets on a process.

Some Ideas for you to Process Map We had some ideas at the ready, if the groups could not think of something to map. Some that worked: planning a Laos new year party (with the goal to save money)

Your Feedback Please ທ່ານໃດ້ຮຽນຮູ້ຫັຍງແນ່? ທ່ານມີຄວມສຸກກັບບົດຮຽນໃດ? ຈະປັບປຸງການຝຶກອົບຮົມໃຫ້ດີຂື້ນໃດ້ແນວໃດ? ທ່ານມີຄຳແນະນຳຫັຍງແນ່