Gastrointestinal complications after descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repairs: A 14-year experience Paul E. Achouh, MD, Ken Madsen, MD,

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Gastrointestinal complications after descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repairs: A 14-year experience Paul E. Achouh, MD, Ken Madsen, MD, Charles C. Miller, PhD, Anthony L. Estrera, MD, Ali Azizzadeh, MD, Jayesh Dhareshwar, MD, Eyal Porat, MD, Hazim J. Safi, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 44, Issue 3, Pages 442-446 (September 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.018 Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig Modified Crawford classification for the extent of the thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Extent I, distal to the left subclavian artery to above the renal arteries. Extent II, distal to the left subclavian artery to below the renal arteries; this is the most extensive type of aneurysm and the only extent that is still associated with risk of paraplegia, with the use of adjunct distal aortic perfusion, cerebrospinal fluid drainage and moderate hypothermia. Extent III, from the sixth intercostal space to below the renal arteries. Extent IV, from the 12th intercostal space to the iliac bifurcation (total abdominal aortic aneurysm). Extent V, from below the sixth intercostal space to just above the renal arteries. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2006 44, 442-446DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.018) Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions