C. elegans cell-lineage map and multi-vulva mutants.

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C. elegans cell-lineage map and multi-vulva mutants. C. elegans cell-lineage map and multi-vulva mutants. (A) Experiment and data that led to the discovery of RNAi, summarized from Fire et al., 1998. (B) Cell-lineage map of C. elegans. Reproduced under a Creative Commons license from Kimble and Seidel, 2013. (C,D) Wild-type and multi-vulva (Muv) mutant worms. * indicates the vulva; arrows point to ectopic vulvae. Figures modified and reproduced under a Creative Commons license from de la Cova and Greenwald, 2012. Specification of the vulval fate occurs through Ras/MAPK signaling (Kornfeld, 1997; Sundaram and Han, 1996). Mutants in which this pathway is misregulated can show the Muv phenotype (e.g. Gu et al., 1998), which led to the discovery of regulators of Ras/MAPK signaling. Robert J. Duronio et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2017;10:1381-1389 © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd