The Expansion of Greece

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Presentation transcript:

The Expansion of Greece Chapter 5 Section 5 The Expansion of Greece

Persian Empire

The Persian Wars *500 B.C. – Greeks vs. Persians *Greeks in Asia Minor rebel -Athens: helps Greeks *Darius: Persian Ruler -Crushes Greeks -Wants to punish Athens: Control mainland

First Persian Invasion 494 B.C. Battle of Marathon *Athenians stop Persian invasion *Conflict continues until 490 BC *10 years of uneasy peace.

Second Persian Invasion *Xerxes: Persian Leader *480 Invades Greece *Battle of Thermopylae: *300 Spartans stop Persians Spartans refuse to surrender All 300 die: allowed for other Greek city states to prepare

Themistocles *Athenian leader: Creator of Greek navy *Evacuates Athens. *Battle of Salamis: turning point Greeks destroy Persian fleet *479 BC – Athens & Sparta defeat Persians at Plataea Ends war.

Result of Persian Wars *Persians remain a threat *Sparta: Wanted Greeks to unite under their rule. -Fear of Helot revolt prevents this. *Athens: forms Delian League -Alliance of 140 city-states. -Athens build empire around the League.

Age of Pericles *Golden age of Athens Athenian leader: 461-429 BC *Golden age of Athens *Athenian democracy reached it’s height. *Built the Parthenon and Acropolis *Stability and prosperity *Use navy to keep Persians out

Parthenon of Athens

Democracy under Pericles *Male citizens could hold office Except lowest class Officeholders: Paid Chosen by lot (No advantage) *No women involvement

Pericles and the Delian League *D.L.- gains protection but loses independence. *Athenian gov’t made all decisions *Moved the Treasury to Athens. *Resentment towards Athens

Peloponnesian War *War between Sparta & Athens *Causes: Old Rivals 431 B.C. *Causes: Old Rivals Sparta upset over Athens control of the Delian League.

Peloponnesian War *Sparta –> Army Athens –> Navy *Siege of Athens Lasted 27 years Plague broke out in Athens Finally Blocked Athens food supply *Sparta wins: Athens=2nd rate power *Greek political society becomes unstable