Identify and briefly explain three fundamental motives for European involvement in Africa. Economic Motives: Industrialized nations sought: Raw materials Natural resources A cheap labor supply New marketplaces for manufactured goods Religious: to spread the benefits of Christianity and Western Culture Political: competition fuel by Nationalism, Empire Building

Identify material improvements brought by European rule to Africa. Transportation and communication RR and Telegraphs Hospitals Sanitation and water systems Formal education system (western)

Identify ways in which European rule disrupted traditional African culture New political systems: direct and indirect rule New Economic Pattern: money economy, cash crops, taxes, economic dependence, lack of diversity migrant workers, chibaro = breakdown of Family New attitude towards land: ownership Racism Christianity Artificial boundaries westernization Generalization: change and breakdown of traditional values and organizations

maintain trade routes and benefit from diffusion Closure: How did trade contribute to the rise of strong African Kingdoms? Trade = wealth = strong armies = expand empire = maintain trade routes and benefit from diffusion

Kingdoms and Trading States Make sure you can match the Kingdoms and Trading States with its description (use chart) Ghana Mali Songhai East African City-States Zimbabwe

Vocab lineage consensus subsistence farmer Polygamy age-grade bride wealth Animism Triangle Trade Middle Passage abolition African Diaspora Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference David Livingstone King Leopold II Cecil Rhodes direct rule indirect rule