HYDROSPHERE 1 - Biosphere 2 - Hydrosphere 3 - Distribution

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Presentation transcript:

HYDROSPHERE 1 - Biosphere 2 - Hydrosphere 3 - Distribution 4 - Salt & fresh water 5 - Drinkable water

biosphere The Hydrosphere’s relationship to the Biosphere pertains to all aspects of water (ice, salt water, fresh water, water vapour) The hydrosphere consists of all water bodies that cover the surface of the Earth. Ex . The oceans, rivers, streams , lakes , etc.

hydrosphere The hydrosphere covers about 75% of the land surface. Water is essential to life: without water, there would be no life

distribution

distribution Liquid water on Earth is either FRESH or SALT OCEANS & SEAS SALTS 97.2% GLACIERS 2.15% SUBTERRANIUM 0.63% RIVERS, LAKES, & AVAILABLE WATER 0.02%

Salt & fresh water SALT WATER 97.2% The water of the seas and oceans is salty because of the large amount of mineral salts that are dissolved in water. These minerals come from rocks

Salt & fresh water Every time it rains, a certain amount of minerals that form rocks are dissolved. These minerals are then flowed into the oceans, where they accumulate. The amount of salts dissolved in the oceans varies by region of the world.

Salt & fresh water WATER FORMATION WHERE IT IS FOUND PERCENTAGE OF SALT DEAD SEA MIDDLE EAST 27% GREAT SALT LAKE USA (UTAH) 5 – 27% RED SEA AFRICA / ASIA 4.1% ARABIAN SEA PAKISTAN / INDIA 3.7% ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN 3.2% BALTIC SEA NORTH EUROPE < 1%

Salt & fresh water CHLORINE 55% SODIUM 30.6% SULPHER 7.7% MAGNESIUM 3.7% CALCIUM 1.2% POTASSIUM 1.1% OTHERS 0.7% SALTS 3.5%

Salt & fresh water FRESH WATER 2.8% Some organisms can not survive in salt water because they are not able to absorb the large amount of minerals it contains. These organisms (including humans) need freshwater to survive.

Salt & fresh water Freshwater covers only 3% of the surface of the Earth. Furthermore, most of this water is frozen. Glaciers contain ¾ of the world's fresh water. Glacier - Snow buildup transformed into ice that slowly descends into a valley

Salt & fresh water Living beings who can not live in salt water have access to less than 1% of water on the planet. And this water becomes increasingly polluted !

Salt & fresh water Fresh water is a natural resource that is distributed very unevenly in the world. In some places, it is abundant (and sometimes wasted) and in other places, it is absent.

Salt & fresh water This table shows four countries with alone almost half of the fresh water on the planet. It is hard enough to provide enough fresh water to every human, but humans need water that is not only sweet but also safe COUNTRY PERCENTAGE OF WORLD’S FRESH WATER SUPPLY BRAZIL 18% CANADA 9% CHINA USA 8% EVERY OTHER COUNTRY 56%

Drinkable water The quality of the fresh water is important: If people drink polluted water, they can contract serious diseases. In some countries, water is so polluted that one can not even use it to wash.

Drinkable water Drinking water: Clean water for consumption (it is safe to drink). Drinking water is a mixture of water molecules and some dissolved substances. The main dissolved minerals in drinking water: calcium, magnesium and sodium.

Drinkable water

Drinkable water Safe drinking water: Must be completely transparent (clear). Must not contain suspended solids. Must not have taste or unpleasant smell. Should contain a small amount of dissolved mineral salts. Must contain dissolved oxygen. Must not contain any microorganisms. Tap water must meet all the criteria mentioned. This is why chlorine is added to water to kill bacteria. It also has some fluorine to reduce the risk of dental cavities.