Unit 3 Day 6

Warm-Up “A major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck southern Haiti in Jan 2010, knocking down buildings and power lines and inflicting a catastrophe for the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation.” …However, a 7.0 magnitude has also hit California without causing as much damage.  Why do you think Haiti had more damage even though the earthquake was the same intensity?

Daily Goal SWBAT explain precautions that can be taken to protect life from earthquakes

Agenda Warm-Up (5 min) A Tale of Two Earthquakes (10 min) Destruction from Earthquakes (10 min) Video: EQ-Proof Building (5 min) Engineer Lab: Constructing your own building (50 min) Testing your Buildings (first thing tomorrow) Exit Ticket (5 min)

Big Goal 85% mastery of all objectives Act, think, and work on a college-level Become more GLOBALLY AWARE **WE’RE GETTING CLOSER!

Haiti and Chile: A Tale of Two Earthquakes “The 8.8-magnitude earthquake that hit Chile early on Feb. 27 was 500 times stronger than the 7.0 quake that killed an estimated 200,000 Haitians last month. And yet the number of casualties in Chile appears to be exponentially smaller, with the official death toll still in the hundreds. Far fewer people were rendered homeless than in Haiti, and much of the telephone service in Santiago and parts of central Chile had been restored within five hours”

Major Earthquakes of the World San Francisco, CA (7.2 mag) Haiti (7 mag) Mexico (8 mag) Chile (8.8 mag) El Salvador (8 mag) Kobe, Japan (6.4 mag)

Wealth of Nations San Francisco, CA = $46,381 Haiti $733 Mexico = $8, 144 Chile = $9,200 El Salvador = $3,100 Kobe, Japan = $39, 731 (expressed as GDP, Gross Domestic Product, or the average wealth per individual)

What type of destruction occurs from Earthquakes?

Destruction from Earthquakes Tsunamis: A tsunami triggered by an earthquake occurs where a slab of the ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault. It can also occur when the vibration of a quake sets an underwater landslide in motion.

Landslides: With many earthquakes, the greatest damage to structures is from landslides and ground subsidence, or the sinking of the ground triggered by vibrations. Liquefaction occurs when soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid, causing foundations to collapse.

Fires: The greatest destruction is often caused by fires when gas and electrical lines are cut and water lines are also broken, so the fire can’t be stopped. More than 100,000 people died in fires from a 1923 earthquake in Japan.

So how can we prevent this damage??

Earthquake-Proof Buildings: More flexible wood-framed homes or steel-framed buildings are less damaged Light-weight building materials Bolted or welded connections that can withstand loads well above the design load Flexible beams in the building frame Floors securely fastened to the frames

What needs to be considered when constructing an earthquake-proof building? Distribution of weight Variation in shape Variation in height Variation in foundation material San Francisco's TransAmerica pyramid is famous for its architecture. Diagonal trusses at its base protect it from both horizontal and vertical forces.

An exemplary Model The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey has survived all magnitudes of earthquakes for nearly 1,500 years.

Engineering an Earthquake-Proof Building PRE-LAB: After reading the article on Earthquake Engineering and the Background section above, complete the following questions: As a building gets taller, what happens to its flexibility? Give an example. Other than height, what are two main factors that affect a building’s stability? Give examples for each of them.

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS & GRADING PROCEDURES Dimensions: -Height at least 12 in -Bottom dimensions are no more than 4 inches on any side Base Material: Any non-edible material Grading: Detailed & Labeled Design Sketch (20 pts) Originality & Creativity (10 pts) Data Sheet (10 pts) + Effort & Participation (10 pts) Total Project Grade (50 pts)

But wait…can you afford it? 1 cardboard square = $500 1 popsicle stick = $200 1 small marshmallow = $100 1 large marshmallow = $200 1 minute with scissors = $200 PLAN ACCORDINGLY!

Wealth of Nations San Francisco, CA = $46,381 Haiti $733 Mexico = $8, 144 Chile = $9,200 El Salvador = $3,100 Kobe, Japan = $39, 731 (expressed as GDP, Gross Domestic Product, or the average wealth per individual)

Testing Your Building As your building is being tested, make at least 3 observations on your data sheet

Analysis and Conclusion Did your design work as you had expected? Why or why not? (3 complete sentences!) What could you do to redesign your tower and make it work better? (3 complete sentences!) How did the wealth of your country help or hinder your engineering?

Exit Ticket Why is fire a concern during earthquakes? What is liquefaction and what happens as a result? What are 2 things that should be taken into account when building an earthquake proof building?