COMPUTER ORGANIZATION V SURESH Dept. Of Computer Science K.B.N Degree College Vijayawada This template can be used as a starter file for presenting training materials in a group setting. Sections Right-click on a slide to add sections. Sections can help to organize your slides or facilitate collaboration between multiple authors. Notes Use the Notes section for delivery notes or to provide additional details for the audience. View these notes in Presentation View during your presentation. Keep in mind the font size (important for accessibility, visibility, videotaping, and online production) Coordinated colors Pay particular attention to the graphs, charts, and text boxes. Consider that attendees will print in black and white or grayscale. Run a test print to make sure your colors work when printed in pure black and white and grayscale. Graphics, tables, and graphs Keep it simple: If possible, use consistent, non-distracting styles and colors. Label all graphs and tables.

Course Objectives This course will introduce students to the fundamental concepts underlying modern computer organization and architecture. Main objective of the course is to familiarize Students about hardware design including logic design, basic structure and behavior of the various functional modules of the computer and how they interact to provide the processing needs of the user

Course Outcomes Understand how computers represent and manipulate data Understand computer arithmetic and convert between different number system Use Boolean algebra as related to designing computer logic, through simple Combinational and sequential logic circuits

What is computer architecture? Computer architecture is concerned with the Structure and behavior of the various functional modules of the computer and how they interact to provide the processing needs of the user. Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.

What is computer organization? Computer organization is concerned with the Way the hardware components are connected together to form a computer System Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.

What is computer design? Computer design is concerned with the development of the hardware for the computer taking into consideration a given set of specifications

Contents : Data representation Logic gates Boolean algebra Map simplification Flip flops Combinational Circuits Digital components Memory organization

Data representation: Data and instructions cannot be entered and processed directly into computers using human language. Any type of data be it numbers, letters, special symbols, sound or pictures must first be converted into machine-readable form i.e. binary form. Due to this reason, it is important to understand how a computer together with its peripheral devices handles data in its electronic circuits, on magnetic media and in optical devices.

Data representation in digital circuits Electronic components, such as microprocessor, are made up of millions of electronic circuits. The availability of high voltage(on) in these circuits is interpreted as ‘1’ while a low voltage (off) is interpreted as ‘0’.This concept can be compared to switching on and off an electric circuit. When the switch is closed the high voltage in the circuit causes the bulb to light (‘1’ state).on the other hand when the switch is open, the bulb goes off (‘0’ state). This forms a basis for describing data representation in digital computers using the binary number system.

Logic gates Binary logic deals with binary variables and with operations that assume a logical meaning The manipulation of binary information is done by logic circuits called gates AND,OR,INVERT,BUFFER,NAND,NOR Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR

Boolean algebra: Boolean algebra is an algebra that deals with binary variables and logic operations. The variables are designated by letters such as A, B, x and y. A Boolean function can be expressed algebraically with binary variables, the logic operation operations symbols, parentheses, and equal sign.

Map simplification: The map method provides a simple, straightforward procedure for simplifying Boolean expressions. This method may be regarded as a pictorial arrangement of the truth table which allows an easy interpretation for choosing the minimum number of terms needed to express the function algebraically.

Flip flops: A flip flop is a binary cell capable of storing one bit of information It has two outputs, one for the normal value And one for the complement value of the bit stored in it. SR FLIP FLOP, D FLIP FLOP, JK FLIP FLOP, T FLIP FLOP,

Combinational Circuits: A combinational circuit is a connected arrangement of logic gates with a set of inputs and out puts. A combinational circuit can be described by a truth table showing the binary relationship between the n input variables and the m output variables. HALF ADDER, FULL ADDER

Digital components: Digital circuits are constructed with integrated circuits. An integrated circuit is small silicon semiconductor crystal, called a chip, containing the electronic components for the digital gates. Decoders, Encoders, multiplexers

Memory organization: Memory unit is an essential component in any digital computer since it is needed for storing programs and data. A very small computer with a limited application may be able to fulfill its intended task without the need of additional storage capacity. MAIN MEMORY, AUXILIARY MEMORY, CACHE MEMORY,

Computer System architecture third edition M.MORRIS MANO THANK YOU