GEOGRAPHY Subject Teachers : J. Govender & A Ellan WELCOME TO Grade 10

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS [ GIS]

AN INTRODUCTION TO GIS APPLICATION & THEORY What is GIS Display of Data Components of GIS Type of Data Use of GIS Remote Sensing Papermaps GIS Map Projections

What is GIS GIS stand for Geographical Information Systems and is a computer system designed to capture, store ,control analyse manage and present all types of Geographical data.

Display and Representation of Data GIS stores spatial data –(Spatial Data is data relates to places or points on a map ) Data in GIS is stored and represented in layers to generate new maps

Data Layers in Building a Supermarket Population Transport accessibility Zoning codes Height of land. Land use zone ( Information obtained from real world )

THEMES IN LAYERS OF GIS

USE OF GIS METEOROLOGY – USE GIS TO STUDY PATHS OF HURRICANES AND CYCLONES ( SYNOPTIC MAPS ) AND PREDICT WHEN THEY MIGHT OCCUR. CRIME PREVENTION- THE POLICE USE GIS STUDY CRIME PATTERNS AND HOW TO STRATEGICALLY POSITION POLICE OFFICERS. RETAIL INDUSTRY – RETAIL INDUSTRIES MAY USE GIS TO SEE WHICH ARE THE SALES OF A PRODUCT ARE IN GREATEST DEMAND

ADVANTAGES OF GIS over Paper Maps - Can cope with larger amounts of Data -Can cover a larger area -Can cope with unlimited and frequent edits and changes - More durable and resistant to damage

TYPES OF DATA VECTOR DATA DATA THAT IS REPRESENTED BY POINTS LINES AND POLYGONS . USEFUL FOR DESCRIBING FEATURES SUCH AS RIVERS ,STREETS AND LOCATION OF WINDMILLS RASTER DATA REAL WORLD FEATURES REPRESENTED BY GRID CELLS CALLED PIXELS . EACH PIXEL REPRESENTS A SMALL SQUARE OF GEOGRAPHIC SPACE . RASTER DATA DOES NOT REPRESENT INDIVIDUAL FEATURES.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA PRIMARY DATA :DATA THAT IS OBTAINED FROM RESEARCH AND FIELDWORK E.G. Interviews SECONDARY DATA : DATA THAT IS OBTAINED THROUGH A SOURCE. E.g. Magazine or Newspaper article

IN THE NEXT LESSON WE WILL LOOK AT REMOTE SENSING FOUR COMPONENTS OF GIS MAP PROJECTIONS WORKING WITH PAPER GIS PRACTICALLY PLEASE COMPLETE THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 42 & 43 FROM YOUR HAND BOOK

THANK YOU GOD BLESS! GOD SPEED! J Govender & A Ellan Subject Teachers :Geography

QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS

Concepts in GIS