Historical Development of the Civil Rights Movement 7/12/2019 Bellringer "Our constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.“ ― Chief Justice John Harlan(1896) Chief Justice Harlan wrote this statement as part of his dissenting opinion in the landmark case, Plessy v. Ferguson. John Marshall Harlan (1877-1911) Do you think that justice can ever be truly "color-blind"? Mr. Hataway's U.S. History Class

Reminders: Chapter 16, Lesson 1 Worksheet due Friday These notes due at end of class today. DO NOT: Be on cell phone or use earbuds Leave class first or last 10 minutes of class Eat or Drink in class DO: Follow class and campus rules

Historical Development of The Civil Rights Movement PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway February 20, 2012 Revised February 9, 2016

Essential Question Why did the civil rights movement make gains in post-WWII America? What motivates a society to make changes?

Historical Development of The Civil Rights Movement During the 19th Century

Civil Rights Civil Rights – Legal and political rights; guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

Civil War and Reconstruction Emancipation Proclamation, Jan 1, 1863 freed more than 3 million slaves Reconstruction 1865-1877 newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government won election to southern state legislatures and even U.S. Congress

13th Amendment forbade slavery (or any kind of involuntary servitude) in the United States adopted 1865 (8 months after C.W.) Illegal Sweatshop

14th Amendment Declared all persons born in the U.S. (except Native Americans) to be citizens Rights protected by due process of the law Adopted 1868

15th Amendment Granted black men the right to vote Adopted 1870

Resistance to Civil Rights Rise of the KKK Plessy v. Ferguson U.S. Supreme Court decision upheld constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation. Jim Crow Laws state and local laws enforcing racial segregation (Southern U.S.). Enacted after Reconstruction. These laws continued in force until 1965.

Historical Development of The Civil Rights Movement During the 20th Century

19th Amendment Gave women the right to vote Adopted in 1920

W.E.B. DuBois Economic Efforts Demanded full equality for African Americans Co-founder (1909) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Birth of the NAACP (1909) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People principal objective is to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality seeks to remove all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes

Jackie Robinson Entered Major League Baseball (1947) First baseball player to break Major League Baseball's color barrier that segregated the sport for more than 50 years.

Desegregation of the Armed Forces In 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued Executive Order 9981 Ended segregation in the Armed Forces.

Desegregation of the Armed Forces “It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.” Do not write, listen and pay attention.

Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) Argued by Thurgood Marshall & NAACP. The decision states that “Separate, but equal” is inherently unequal.

Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas II (1955) mandated schools be desegregated with “all deliberate speed” When did La Vega ISD desegregate?

Thurgood Marshall Distinguished Lawyer NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown case (1954). Appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court (1967) Established a record for supporting the “voiceless” Americans

Historical Development of the Civil Rights Movement 7/12/2019 Writing Prompt Using the handout, respond to the writing prompt. Be sure your name and date are at the top of the paper. Title of writing assignment is, “Education for All” Do NOT write the question. You have ten minutes. Mr. Hataway's U.S. History Class

Education for All The headline on the newspaper in this image reads, “High Court Bans Segregation in Public Schools.” Write an expository essay, discussing the import of this decision in 1954 and its relevancy today. Be sure to provide specific examples to illustrate your points. Mother and Daughter at U.S. Supreme Court Brown v. Board of Education

Historical Development of The Civil Rights Movement During the 20th & 21st Century

Essential Question Why did the civil rights movement make gains in post-WWII America? What motivates a society to make changes?

Historical Development of the Civil Rights Movement During the 20th Century

Montgomery Bus Boycott Started when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat (Dec. 1955)

Montgomery Bus Boycott The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., appointed to lead the 381-day boycott. During boycott, African Americans walked or participated in carpools.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Federal Judges decide bus segregation is unconstitutional & Supreme Court agreed (1956)

Long before being arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, Rosa Parks had protested segregation through her daily activities. She refused to drink out of the drinking fountains labeled “Colored Only.” When possible, she refused to ride in segregated elevators and walked up the stairs instead.

Philosophy of Civil Disobedience Unjust laws do not have to be obeyed, however, consequences must be met for breaking the law. Principle first formulated by Henry David Thoreau and Mohandas K. Gandhi. Philosophy influenced MLK.

Philosophy of Civil Disobedience The Sit-in Movement An act of civil disobedience Tactic used to arouse sympathy for the demonstrators among moderate individuals. Spread throughout the South with Northern Liberal support. Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-In, 1960 John Brown’s Dept Store OKC 1961

Philosophy of Civil Disobedience Atlanta, Georgia (October 1960) Sit-in at a Rich's Department Store Rev. Martin Luther King arrested. Sentenced to four months in jail. Att. Gen. Robert Kennedy got him released. This would aid Pres. JFK’s presidential 1960 election. King’s arrest in Atlanta, GA

Historical Development of the Civil Rights Movement 7/12/2019 The Sit-In Movement (cont.) Why did the sit-in movement gain attention of Americans across the nation? Even after the demonstrators of the sit-ins were verbally and physically abused, they remained peaceful. Mr. Hataway's U.S. History Class

Civil Rights Act of 1957 Purpose was to protect voting rights First civil rights legislation since Reconstruction Signed into law by President Eisenhower. Signed into law by President Eisenhower

Civil Rights Act of 1957 Brought fed. gov. into civil rights debate. Est. federal Civil Rights Commission. Federal gov’t can sue those who try to prevent someone from voting.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Abolished racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers Unlawful for an employer to “fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges or employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.”

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Southern Bloc group of 18 southern Democrats and 1 Republican who worked to block the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Filibustered and Failed! Ask your teacher, “what is a filibuster?”

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson

Twenty-Fourth Amendment Ratified in 1964. Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections. Supreme Court banned poll taxes in state elections as well (1966).

Voting Rights Act of 1965 It outlawed discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. Enforced voting rights guaranteed under by 15th Amendment.

Civil Rights Act of 1968 a.k.a. Fair Housing Act. Ended discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing. It was the last major civil rights bill for a while.

Historical Development of the Civil Rights Movement During the 21st Century

Civil Rights in the 21st Century Barack Hussein Obama, Jr 1st African American President born in Honolulu, Hawaii 8/4/1961 father from Kenya (East Africa) and a mother from Kansas (USA): raised by his grandparents Graduated Harvard Law School Career Constitutional Law Professor at University of Chicago Elected to Illinois State Senate 1996 Elected to U.S. Senate 2004

Civil Rights in the 21st Century Sonia Sotomayor First Hispanic woman appointed to the Supreme Court Raised in Bronx housing project Graduate Yale Law School Career prosecutor in New York County District Attorney's Office from 1979 to 1984 Became a federal judge in 1992

Civil Rights in the 21st Century Elimination of restrictions on women serving in combat.

21st Century Civil Rights Issues? Same Sex Marriage? Healthcare for all? Affordable Care Act (aka Obamacare) Federal take-over? Socialism? Free Post-Secondary Education (college)? President Obama proposed first two years free. Who going to pay for this “free education”? Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Hate Crimes Prevention Act New federal law prompted by the 1998 murder of Mathew Shepard, a gay man, and James Byrd, an African American.