Internal forces during gait

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Presentation transcript:

Internal forces during gait Lecture (5) Internal forces during gait

Objectives of lecture (5) By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to: *Describe the pathway of ground reaction force vector during gait in the sagittal plane around the hip, knee and ankle joints and its effect on counterbalancing moment.

Pathway of GRFV during gait

Sagittal plane pathway of GRFV IC LR MSt TSt PS Hip A P Knee Ankle Frontal plane pathway of GRFV IC LR MSt TSt PS Hip L M Knee N Subtalar

1- GRFV pathway. 2- Moment created by GRFV. 3- Counterbalancing muscles. 4- Motion required (arcs). 5- Muscle contraction 1- GRFV posterior to knee. 2- Flexion moment. 3- Quadriceps muscle. 4- Flexion (15 -20 degrees). 5- Eccentric contraction.

Sagittal plane kinetics LR MSt TSt PS IS MSw TSw 1- GRFV = A 2- Flex. M 3- Hip Ext. 4- Flex. 5- Ecc. 4- Ext. 5- Conc. 1- GRFV = P 2- Ext. M 3- Hip Flex. No or little activity Momentum= mv As in IC 3- Knee Ext. Flex. Ecc. 3- No muscle Ankle plantar flexors Momentum of contralateral extremity GRFV 3- Knee Flex. Ext. Flex 2- Plant. 3- Dorsiflex. 4- Dorsiflex 4- Plantar F. 2- Dorsi F 3- Plant. F. 4- Dorsi F. 4- Plant. F. 3- Dors F. 4- Dors F. 5- Conc. 3- Dors F. 4- Dors F. 5- isom.

Assignment of Lecture (5) On biomechanical basis explain the following. Knee extensors are not active during midstance and terminal stance. No muscular activity is needed from the hip joint in midswing. Eccentric activity of plantar flexors are required in midstance and terminal stance.

On biomechanical basis explain the following. Hip flexors and extensors activities during stance and swing phase of gait. Knee extensors activity during gait cycle. Ankle dorsiflexors activity during whole gait cycle.

References Neumann D.A. (2013): “Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system, foundation for physical rehabilitation” 3rd edition Mosby Elsevier USA. Perry J. (1992): “Gait Analysis, normal and pathological function” Slack Incorporated, USA. Norkin C.C. and Levangie P.K. (1992): “ Joint structure and function, A comprehensive analysis” 2nd edition FA Davis Company, USA.