X Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics Overview Photon Systems Breakout Lehman Review October 24, 2006

Outline of XTOD Presentations Today Overview – Bionta/McMahon Tomorrow 8:00 Physics Requirements – Peter Stefan 9:00 Attenuator Status – Stewart Shen 9:30 Gas Detector Status – Stefan Hau-Riege 10:30 Total Energy (Thermal) - Stephan Friedrich

Commissioning Diagnostics Now Occupy Upstream End of the Front End Enclosure (FEE) Slit Solid Attenuators Spectrometer Package Collimator 1 Total Energy Fixed Mask Beam Direction Gas Detector Gas Attenuator Direct Imager (Scintillator) Gas Detector FEL Offset Mirror System occupies downstream end of FEE

XTOD WBS elements mostly staffed at LLNL 1.5.1 Management and Safety Account # 8866-01 1.5.3.2 FEE Mech/Vac Design Account #8866-04 1.5.4.2.1 Fast Valve Account #8866-TBD 1.5.4.2.7 FEL Offset Mirror System Account #8866-16 1.5.5.3.1 Direct Imager Account #8866-39 Mark McKernan x 3-3825 John Trent x 2-5723 Stewart Shen x 3-4826 Pat Duffy x 2-8747 Louann Tung x 2-1274 Pat Duffy x 2-8747 Mike Pivovaroff x 2-7779 Sasa Bajt x 4-3768 Paul Pax x 4-3004 Elden Ables x 2-4809 Richard Bionta x 3-4846 Donn McMahon x 3-1475 Rodney Victorine x 3-3326 1.5.4.2.2 Fixed Mask Account #8866-06 1.5.5.3.6 Gas Detector Account #8866-43 1.5.5.4.2 Total Energy Account #8866-53 Hazards Control Richard Beale x 2-3112 1.5.3.3 NEH Mech & Vacuum Account #8866-29 Pat Duffy x 2-8747 Dmitri Ryutov x 2-9832 Stewart Shen x 3-4826 Martin Roeben x 3-0612 Paul Pax x 4-3004 Stefan Hau-Riege x3-2021 Stephan Friedrich x 3-1527 Owen Drury x 2-0034 Elden Ables x 2-4809 Procurement Ray Souza Keith Stickle Mary Ross 1.5.4.2.3 Slit Account #8866-08 Stewart Shen x 3-4826 Pat Duffy x 2-8747 Louann Tung x 2-1274 John Trent x 2-5723 1.5.5.4.4 Low Energy Spectrometer Account #8866-56 John Trent x 2-5723 Pete Tirapelle x 2-8749 2.5.5.2 Modeling & Simulation Account #8866-71 1.5.3.4 X-Ray Tunnel Mech & Vacuum Account #8866-29 Mike Pivovaroff x 2-7779 Paul Pax x 4-3004 1.5.4.2.5 Gas/Solid Attenuator Account #8866-10 1.5.2.1 Controls Account #8866-81 Linda Ott x 2-6446 Kirby Fong x 2-4205 1.5.5.4.5 Pop-Up Cameras Account #8866-TBD Stewart Shen x 3-4826 Pat Duffy x 2-8747 Louann Tung x 2-1274 John Trent x 2-5723 Dmitri Ryutov x 2-9832 Stewart Shen x 3-4826 Martin Roeben x 3-0612 Keith Kishiyama x 2-8602 Steve Lewis x 3-4751 Keith Kishiyama x 2-8602 William Abraham x 2-6418 Paul Pax x 4-3004 Elden Ables x 2-4809 1.5.3.5 FEH Mech & Vacuum Account #8866-29 1.5.4.2.6 TTF Damage Experiment Account #8862-85 1.5.5.4.6 K-Spectrometer Account #8866-TBD Stewart Shen x 3-4826 Pat Duffy x 2-8747 Louann Tung x 2-1274 John Trent x 2-5723 Stefan Hau-Riege x 2-5892 Rich London x 3-2021 Mike Pivovaroff x 2-7779 Paul Pax x 4-3004

XTOD design is progressing down the beam line Spectrometer Package Thermal Detector Solid Attenuators NEH Vacuum NEH Imager Fixed Mask X-Ray Tunnel Slit FEH Imager Gas Detector Gas Attenuator Direct Imager (Scintillator) FEL Offset Mirror System Key: 0) Review process not scheduled to begin yet 1) System Concept Review Complete 2) Preliminary Design Review Complete 3) Final Design Review Complete

Designs based on simulations of the transport of spontaneous radiation to the instruments… Soft X-Ray Spontaneous (4.5 GeV Linac K. E.) Hard X-Ray Spontaneous (14.5 GeV Linac K. E.) Y, mm Y, mm X, mm X, mm 2.1 x 1011 photons, total 3.8 x 10-4 J, total 9.1 x 10-5 J/cm2, center 9.2 x 1011 photons, total 1.3 x 10-2 J, total 7.3 x 10-3 J/cm2, center Images show soft and hard x-ray footprint in the area of the FEE diagnostics

…and simulations of the saturated FEL in the area of the FEE diagnostics Soft X-Ray FEL (826 eV photon energy) Hard X-Ray FEL (8261 eV photon energy) Y, mm Y, mm X, mm X, mm 1.9 x 1013 photons, total 2.5 x 10-3 J, total 0.2 J/cm2, center 1.1 mm, FWHM 1.8 x 1012 photons, total 2.4 x 10-3 J, total 3.4 J/cm2, center 160 mm, FWHM

To avoid single-shot damage we choose materials whose doses are a fraction of melt Maximum dose along the beam line for different materials (under normal illumination assuming fully saturated FEL a la M. Xie) Shown is the maximum dose (over Ephoton=827 to 8267eV) e- dump FEE SiC melted Si melted (maximum over 827-8267eV) Dose (eV/atom) B4C melted Be melted Si - 5/9 melt SiC - 1/9 melt B4C - 1/12 melt Be - 1/50 melt meters from end of undulator

Diagnostics measure primary spontaneous and FEL characteristics FEL Measurements Spontaneous Measurements u Total energy / pulse l1 Photon wavelength Dl/l1 Photon wavelength spread X,Y Pulse centroid f(x,y) Spatial distribution su,sl1 Temporal variation in beam parameters DK/K Relative K of undulator segments f(x,y,l1) Spatial distribution around l1 l1 1st harmonic Photon wavelength Dl/l1 1st harmonic wavelength spread su,sl1 Temporal variation in beam parameters Finding 1st faint FEL during commissioning is a priority

Front End Enclosure (FEE) Schematic Start of Experimental Hutches Windowless Gas Detector 5 mm diameter collimators Monochrometer (K Spectrometer) Direct Imager Soft X-Ray Offset mirror system Solid Attenuator NFOV High-Energy Slit Soft X-Ray Grating e- Total Energy Thermal Detector Gas Attenuator WFOV Hard X-Ray Offset mirror system Windowless Gas Detector Muon Shield

Slit and Fixed Mask Define Maximum Beam Spatial Extent Status Fixed Mask and Slit: PRD done SCR done PDR done ESD in signature FDR in preparation

Attenuator will provide gas and solids to attenuate FEL Upstream gas attenuator differential pumping section 4.5 meter long, gas attenuator high pressure N2 section Downstream gas attenuator differential pumping section Upstream embedded gas detector Embedded (Be) solid attenuators Status Attenuator: PRD done SCR done Prototype done ESD draft PDR in preparation Upstream embedded gas detector See talk on attenuator system by Stewart Shen tomorrow 8:30 am

Gas Detectors monitor shot-to-shot FEL energy through photoluminescence of N2 gas Filtered photo detectors measure UV light production Magnet Coils Gas attenuator differential Pumping Section (not to scale) Gas attenuator differential Pumping Section (not to scale) FEL Status Gas Detector: PRD done SCR done Gas & Magnet prototype done ESD begun PDR in preparation Beam / Gas Interaction Region (~0.1 – 2 Torr N2) FEL induces N2 molecules to emit UV light Gas Feed And Pressure Control See talk on gas detectors by Stefan Hau-Riege tomorrow 9:30 am

Detector monochrometer measures intensity at a single point Channel-cut Si Monochrometer will be used to measure relative K of two undulator segments Monochrometer Two undulator spontaneous spectrum. Falloff of high energy tail is independent of aperture Detector Detector monochrometer measures intensity at a single point Linac E variation and measurement Status K Spectrometer: PRD due 12/06 Two undulator spontaneous high energy falloff has highest slope when DK/K=0. Use linac E variation and measurement to obtain other points along curve

Total Energy (Thermal) Sensor provides calibrated measurement of FEL pulse energy Measures FEL energy deposition through temperature rise Cu heat sink Thermistors Nd0.66Sr0.33MnO3 (On back of substrate) Sensor Temperature Rise 1 2 3 4 5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Time [ms] Tc200 Tc150 Tc100 FEL pulse [K] 0.5 mm Si substrate t = 0 t = 0.1 ms t = 0.25 ms Thermal diffusion of FEL energy Status Total Energy: PRD done SCR done Prototype begun See talk on thermal sensor by Stephan Friedrich tomorrow 10:30 am

Direct Imager provides Images of Spontaneous and (attenuated) FEL Photometrics Cascade:512B back-illuminated EMCCD 16-µm pixels 512 x 512 format 45 e- noise @30 fps Full Well: 200,000 e- Single shot measurement of f(x,y), x, y ,u Scintillators: 50 mm thick YAG:Ce find hard x-ray FEL 5 mm thick YAG:Ce find soft x-ray FEL 1 mm thick YAG:Ce spontaneous studies + one other for tests diamond Cameras Status Direct Imager: Prototypes in progress PRD draft started SCR 11/06 Scintillators

Soft X-Ray Spontaneous signal in WFOV Direct Imager Absorbed in 5 um YAG, Maximum ~ 20,000 photoelectrons/pixel Camera: Photometrics 512B Objective: Navitar Platinum 50 Power: 0.1365 NA: 0.060

Soft X-Ray FEL signal in WFOV Direct Imager Absorbed in 5 um YAG, Maximum ~ 3.7e+8 photoelectrons/pixel Camera: Photometrics 512B Objective: Navitar Platinum 50 Power: 0.1365 NA: 0.060

Soft X-Ray FEL signal in WFOV Direct Imager (Zoomed in) Absorbed in 5 um YAG, Maximum ~ 3.7e+8 photoelectrons/pixel Camera: Photometrics 512B Objective: Navitar Platinum 50 Power: 0.1365 NA: 0.060

Hard X-Ray Spontaneous signal in NFOV Direct Imager Absorbed in 50 um YAG, Maximum ~ 10,000 photoelectrons/pixel Camera: Photometrics 512B Objective: Linos/Rodenstock Apo-Rodagon-D Power: 0.8 NA: 0.055

Hard X-Ray FEL signal in WFOV Direct Imager Absorbed in 50 um YAG, Maximum ~ 5.0e+7 photoelectrons/pixel Camera: Photometrics 512B Objective: Linos/Rodenstock Apo-Rodagon-D Power: 0.8 NA: 0.055 Zoomed

First Undulator Segment’s Hard X-Ray Spontaneous signal in WFOV Direct Imager Absorbed in 1 mm YAG, Maximum ~ 1,800 photoelectrons/pixel Camera: Photometrics 512B Objective: Navitar Platinum 50 Power: 0.1365 NA: 0.060

Thermal Detector and Direct Imager Calibration Laser Beam Direction Laser Energy Meter

Hard X-Ray Offset Mirror System (HOMS): Status HOMS: PRD 1/-7 SCR 2/07

Soft X-Ray Offset Mirror System (SOMS): Status SOMS: PRD circulating SCR 11/06

XTOD elements in Near Hall Collimators Hard X-Ray Vacuum transport NEH Imager Location TBD SCR 3/07

XTOD Tunnel Design Complete Status Tunnel: PRD done SCR done PDR done ESD done FDR in review

XTOD hardware in the Far Hall Farr Hall Imager Location TBD SCR 4/07

Integrated EPICS control system for XTOD has been designed

XTOD Basis of Estimate

XTOD Cost to Go at WBS Level 3 1.05 X-Ray Transport & Diagnostics System $M, Burdened, Escalated TEC Estimate to Complete Contingency % Contingency Total Estimated Cost (TEC) 13.79 28.7% 3.95 1.05.01 System Management & Integration 1.64 17.0% 0.28 1.05.03 Mechanical & Vacuum Subsystem 2.34 22.0% 0.52 1.05.04 Optical Subsystem 4.76 34.9% 1.66 1.05.05 Diagnostics Subsystem 4.17 30.6% 1.28 1.05.06 X-Ray Transport System Installation & Alignment 0.88 25.0% 0.22

XTOD FY07 Development Status & Plan WBS Description Status FY07 Plan 1.05.03.02 FEE M&V Need RP input for 10.06 PRD Leverage off XVTS, Complete Final Design & Procure, Ready for B.O. 1.05.03.03(.01) NEH M&V Leverage off XVTS, Complete Final Design & Procure Ready for B.O. 1.05.03.04 XVTS M&V Final Design scheduled for 10.18.06 Complete Design, Procure, Ready for B.O.. 1.05.03.05(.01) FEH M&V Leverage off XVTS, Complete Final Design & Procure Fast Valve Commence preliminary design Place in EBD,Complete Final Design & Procure Ready for B.O. 1.05.04.02.02 Fixed Mask Finish ESD, Nearing FDR (11.06) Complete Design, Procure, Ready for B.O. 1.05.04.02.03 Slit Finish ESD, Nearing FDR (12..06) 1.05.04.02.05 Attenuator Finish ESD & Prototype Activities 1.05.04.02.06 TTF Damage Experiment Sept Experiments @ FLASH VUVFEL Complete analyses 1.05.04.02.07.01 FEL Offset - Low PRD in review 1.05.04.02.07.02 FEL Offset - High PRD to commence Complete Final Design (8.07), Procure Substrates 1.05.05.03.01 Direct Imager Finish PRD, Prototype, Component Eval 1.05.05.03.02 Gas Detector SCR complete, Prototyping Conduct Calibration Tests (SSRL), Complete Design, Procure, Ready for B.O 1.05.05.03.07 NEH Imager PRD (12.06) Leverage off DI, Complete Final Design, Procure systems 1.05.05.03.08 FEH Imager 1.05.05.04.02 Total Energy Monitor SCR Complete, Prototyping 1.05.05.04.04 Low Energy Spectrometer PRD to start (11.06) 1.05..05.04.05 Pop Ups (N) PRD (1.07) Complete Final Design, Procure systems 1.05..05.04.06 K-Spectrometer

Near Term Completion (<1mo) XTOD Key Dates Target XTOD Dates Key Documents Design Reviews Install B.O. WBS Description PRD ESD SCR PDR FDR Cooccupancy 1.05.03.02 FEE M&V (need RP Input) 10.06 2.22.07 1.24.07 3.12.07 4.23.07 2.15.08 11.08.07 1.05.03.03(.01) NEH M&V (need RP Input) 11.01.07 1.05.03.04 XVTS M&V 2.15.06 1.25.06 - 11.14.05 10.18.06 3.21.08 12.11.07 1.05.03.05(.01) FEH M&V (need RP Input) 11.07.06 Combine w/ NEH reviews 1.02.08 Fast Valve 11.10.06 -- 11.28.06 1.30.07 1.05.04.02.02 Fixed Mask 5.14.04 10.20.06 4.06; 5.4.06 8.14.06 11.14.06 1.05.04.02.03 Slit 12.14.06 1.05.04.02.05 Attenuator 2.03.06 10.31.06 4.13.06 12.01.06 3.02.07 1.05.04.02.07.01 FEL Offset - Low 10.27.06 1.08.07 11.22.06 2..06.07 1.05.04.02.07.02 FEL Offset - High 1.03.07 2.07 5.07 8.07 4.29.08 1.05.05.03.01 Direct Imager 10.13.06 1.12.07 3.15.07 1.05.05.03.02 Gas Detector 6.23.06 10.30.06 6.27.06 1.29.07 1.05.05.03.07 NEH Imager 2.05.07 4.24.07 3.27.07 5.22.07 8.10.07 1.05.05.03.08 FEH Imager 2.20.07 5.08.07 4.10.07 6.06.07 1.05.05.04.02 Total Energy Monitor 8.06 8.17.06 10.06.06 12.06 3.07 1.05.05.04.04 Low Energy Spectrometer 11.03.06 1.05.07 11.21.06 1.23.07 3.21.07 1.05..05.04.05 Pop Ups (N) 3.28.07 2.28.07 5.16.07 8.08.07 4.16.08 1.05..05.04.06 K-Spectrometer 1.30.06 4.25.07 7.20.07 3.08? Completed Near Term Completion (<1mo)

XTOD Key Dates – 6 Month Look ahead (<6/07) Target XTOD Dates Key Documents Design Reviews Install B.O. WBS Description PRD ESD SCR PDR FDR Cooccupancy 1.05.03.02 FEE M&V (need RP Input) 10.06 2.22.07 1.24.07 3.12.07 4.23.07 2.15.08 11.08.07 1.05.03.03(.01) NEH M&V (need RP Input) 11.01.07 1.05.03.04 XVTS M&V 2.15.06 1.25.06 - 11.14.05 10.18.06 3.21.08 12.11.07 1.05.03.05(.01) FEH M&V (need RP Input) 11.07.06 Combine w/ NEH reviews 1.02.08 Fast Valve 11.10.06 -- 11.28.06 1.30.07 1.05.04.02.02 Fixed Mask 5.14.04 10.20.06 4.06; 5.4.06 8.14.06 11.14.06 1.05.04.02.03 Slit 12.14.06 1.05.04.02.05 Attenuator 2.03.06 10.31.06 4.13.06 12.01.06 3.02.07 1.05.04.02.07.01 FEL Offset - Low 10.27.06 1.08.07 11.22.06 2..06.07 1.05.04.02.07.02 FEL Offset - High 1.03.07 2.07 5.07 8.07 4.29.08 1.05.05.03.01 Direct Imager 10.13.06 1.12.07 3.15.07 1.05.05.03.02 Gas Detector 6.23.06 10.30.06 6.27.06 1.29.07 1.05.05.03.07 NEH Imager 2.05.07 4.24.07 3.27.07 5.22.07 8.10.07 1.05.05.03.08 FEH Imager 2.20.07 5.08.07 4.10.07 6.06.07 1.05.05.04.02 Total Energy Monitor 8.06 8.17.06 10.06.06 12.06 3.07 1.05.05.04.04 Low Energy Spectrometer 11.03.06 1.05.07 11.21.06 1.23.07 3.21.07 1.05..05.04.05 Pop Ups (N) 3.28.07 2.28.07 5.16.07 8.08.07 4.16.08 1.05..05.04.06 K-Spectrometer 1.30.06 4.25.07 7.20.07 3.08? Completed

XTOD Level 3 Milestones

Low Energy Mirror System: Final PRD preparation nearly complete The FEL Offset Mirror Systems are critical systems for LCLS Experimental Operations Low Energy Mirror System: Final PRD preparation nearly complete

The High Energy Mirror System requires long lead procurements The FEL Offset Mirror Systems are critical systems for LCLS Experimental Operations The High Energy Mirror System requires long lead procurements

XTOD is approximately 36% complete (current baseline) and is tracking schedule and performance plans FY06 FY07 is the largest funding year at $12M and includes nearly all XTOD procurements

XTOD work flow follows ISMS practices for each WBS element WBS Dictionary LCLS Physics Requirements ICDs IWS (Integrated Work Sheet) is LLNL wide e-form for documenting ISMS for each work package: Scope Hazards Controls Roles (RI…) Responsibilities Training Signoff Hardware Installation Operations Servicing ESDs Designs Eng. Safety Notes Certified Parts Lists

Integrated Safety Worksheets are being Developed for Each Task

Summary FY2006 was a year for XTOD physics design and for refining our plan Type and layout of FEE diagnostics settled and programmed into P3 Offset mirrors accommodated into FEE and programmed into P3 Physics Requirements & System Concept Reviews finished for several systems Slit, Fixed mask, Attenuators, Gas Detectors, Thermal sensor Remainder on schedule to follow in FY07 Estimate to Complete (ETC) has been Revised The plan forward meets the required installation and commissioning dates for all XTOD systems FY07 will be a year of design completion and procurement of all systems with most ready for shipping to SLAC for BO XTOD instruments are now in the design review phase Nearly all XTOD staff has been added and aligned with WBS elements XTOD is tracking the current plan Critical path items are being actively scrutinized to ensure success (concurrent tasking and early procurement of long lead items) Work flow follows the principle of ISM (development to install/commissioning)