Present perfect simple and past simple 6.2 1 We use the past simple to talk about an action at a specific time in the past. 1 I went to Australia in 2001. 2 We use the present perfect simple to talk about an action when we don’t know the specific time it happened, or when the specific time is not important. 1 I have been to Australia three times. 3 We use the auxiliary verb has/have and the past participle to make the present perfect simple. 2001 2002 2003 now

Present perfect simple and past simple 6.2 1 We often use the present perfect simple to start talking about our experiences. A Have you ever climbed a really high mountain? B Yes, I have. I’ve climbed Mount Kinabalu in Indonesia. C No, I’ve never been up any really high mountains. 2 We often put ever/never between the auxiliary and the past participle. Ever means ‘at some time in your life up to now’. Never means ‘at no time in your life up to now’. 3 We usually continue the conversation by giving more details in the past simple. A When did you climb it? Did you go with anyone else? B It was three years ago. I went with my brother and some friends.

Present perfect simple and past simple 6.2 1 We use just to mean recently. We put just before the past participle. 1 They’ve just arrived. 2 Have you just got up? 2 We use already to mean before now and is often something expected. We put already before the past participle in positive sentences. 1 I’ve already seen this film. Can we watch something else? 3 We use yet to talk about things that we expected to happen before now, but still haven’t happened. We put yet at the end of the sentence. 1 I haven’t been shopping yet. I’ll go on my way back from work.

Present perfect simple and past simple 6.2 1 Put the words in brackets in the correct place in the sentences. 1 Have you travelled alone anywhere? (ever) 2 Has she finished work? (just) 3 My neighbours have returned from holiday. (already) 4 Has he presented his research results? (yet) 5 You haven’t taken the exam, have you? (yet) 6 He’s taken an English exam before, so he’s a bit nervous. (never) 7 We’ve finished this exercise. What shall we do next? (already)