Nature vs. Nurture Biology & environment work together in 2 ways

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Presentation transcript:

Nature vs. Nurture Biology & environment work together in 2 ways Maturation (motor dev): Pattern is the same for everyone (NATURE) Supported by care, nutrition, exercise (NURTURE) 1. Operate to make all humans similar Genetic abilities: intelligence, athletic ability, personality (NATURE) Environmental influences: family, random events, society (NURTURE) 2. Operate to make all humans unique Height vs. Personality Degree of influence is dependent on the characteristic Height- 80-95% genetic/less than 20% due to prenatal factors or early illness Personality- much more dependent on nurture

Prenatal Development & The newborn Chapter 12 Human Development Prenatal Development & The newborn

Germinal Stage 2 weeks of rapid cell division Germinal Stage- zygote (combination of sperm and ovum)

Embryonic Stage 2 weeks-8 weeks after fertilization Beginning of the stage: development of a heart, nervous system, stomach, esophagus, and ovaries or testes. End of the stage: development of eyes, ears, nose, jaw, mouth & lips, elbows, hands, fingers, knees, ankles & toes.

Fetal Stage Remaining 7 months Organ growth & functions begin 3 months- kick, make a fist, turn the head, open the mouth, swallow, frown 6 months- eyelids open, taste buds, can breathe if premature 7 months- organs functional 8/9 months- respond to light and touch, can hear outside, recognizes mother’s voice

Critical Periods for Physical Development Body System Especially Sensitive Development up to … Central nervous system/Brain 4th to 8th weeks Postnatal, through to adulthood Heart 5th to 9th weeks 12th week Upper limbs 6th to 10th weeks Eyes weeks Term Lower limbs Teeth 9th to 11th weeks Palate 16th week External genitalia Ears 6th to 11th weeks 13th week

Prenatal Risks Harmful substances passed through the placenta that can cause birth defects. Teratogens Cocaine Alcohol Cigarette Smoking Illnesses Examples of Teratogens Affect less than 10%

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

The Newborn Vision (blurry at birth) Hearing (attracted to “baby talk” tones) Smell & Taste (similar to adults) Sensory Development Grasping Reflex Rooting Reflex Crawling (skipped?) Toddling Walking Reflexes & Motor Skills Vision- 20/300, less rods and cones on their fovea, pathway to brain is inefficient, 7 months they develop visual depth cues Hearing- after 2-3 days, open eyes wide and look for the speaker Taste/Smell- prefer sweet tastes and smells over bitter/sour (sweet drinks vs. ammonia) breastfed babies prefer smell of their own mother to other mothers