Transcatheter closure of an extracardiac fontan fenestration Evan M Zahn, MD, Anthony C Chang, MD, Redmond P Burke, MD, Jeffrey P Jacobs, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages 260-262 (July 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00365-8
Fig 1 Angiogram of the Fontan circuit before occlusion of the systemic–pulmonary communication. (A) Frontal injection in the superior vena cava reveals a patent caval pulmonary anastomosis, right to left shunting via the surgically created communication (∗), and a stenosis of the distal left pulmonary artery (arrow). (B) Lateral injection in the extracardiac Fontan tube profiles the 8-mm polytetrafluoroethylene communication (∗) connecting the posteriorly located extracardiac conduit and the anterior pulmonary venous atrium (morphologic right atrium). (ECF = extracardiac Fontan; PVA = pulmonary venous atrium.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998 66, 260-262DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00365-8)
Fig 2 Frontal (A) and lateral (B) angiography after use of the Gianturco-Grifka vascular occlusion device (arrow) implantation and left pulmonary artery angioplasty. The left pulmonary arterial stenosis has been relieved and there is no longer any shunting via the previously patent communication. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998 66, 260-262DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00365-8)