The bioactive compounds restored α-syn membrane localization, ER-to-Golgi trafficking and mitochondrial morphology. The bioactive compounds restored α-syn.

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The bioactive compounds restored α-syn membrane localization, ER-to-Golgi trafficking and mitochondrial morphology. The bioactive compounds restored α-syn membrane localization, ER-to-Golgi trafficking and mitochondrial morphology. (A) Microscopy studies with GFP-tagged α-syn at four hours post-induction showed α-syn foci in HiTox cells. Localization of α-syn was restored to the plasma membrane upon treatment with the bioactive compounds. By contrast, bright foci were retained in cells treated with inactive compounds. (B) CPY maturation assay. The bar graph depicts the percentage of CPY that exits the ER and enters the Golgi or the vacuole in various treatments. At 4.5 hours post-induction, HiTox cells exhibited severe trafficking defects, as the majority of CPY was retained in the ER (~65%; DMSO and data not shown). This defect was suppressed by cells treated with 1 μM of the bioactive compounds (1–4), but not with the inactive compounds (5,6). Gel slices are shown on the right and the bar graph shows the mean ± s.e.m. (left). (C) Treatment with 1 μM (1–4) (a-d), but not with (5) or (6) (e,f), restored the ER and most of the mitochondria to normal morphology, although some vesicular accumulation persisted. m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; v, vacuole. An asterisk denotes the vesicle clusters. Scale bar: 1.0 μm. Linhui Julie Su et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2010;3:194-208 ©2010 by The Company of Biologists Limited