Figure 2 The main effects of adipokines on bone remodelling in osteoarthritis Figure 2 | The main effects of adipokines on bone remodelling in osteoarthritis.

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Figure 2 The main effects of adipokines on bone remodelling in osteoarthritis Figure 2 | The main effects of adipokines on bone remodelling in osteoarthritis. Osteoclasts, responsible for physiological bone resorption, are the main cell type leading to bone erosion in rheumatic diseases. By contrast, osteoblasts are essential for bone formation, including the development of osteophytes and syndesmophytes. Adiponectin induces activation and proliferation of osteoblasts whereas leptin induces osteogenic differentiation. In most studies, adiponectin reduces osteoclast activation and differentiation, and displays mainly bone-protective cellular effects. Neumann, E et al. (2016) Adipokines in bone disease Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.49