Gas Exchange and Transport

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Presentation transcript:

Gas Exchange and Transport Chapter 18, part A Gas Exchange and Transport

About this Chapter Getting CO2 & O2 dissolved for transport How oxygen is transported, role of hemoglobin How carbon dioxide is transported Regulators that sense and coordinate respiration with circulation for gas transport

Overview of Respiratory Exchange Figure 18-1: Overview of oxygen and exchange and Transport CO2

Figure 18-2: Gases in solution Solubility of Gasses Pressure gradient: lower at high altitudes Temperature: constant in warm blooded humans Solubility (solute & solvent): O2 or CO2 in water Figure 18-2: Gases in solution

Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen Diffusion through alveolar thin cells Down diffusion gradient Higher in alveoli Lower in blood Diffusion from blood Also down gradient To ECF To tissue cells (convert O2 to CO2) PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Exchange

Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen Figure 18-3a: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells

Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide Diffusion out of cells (down diffusion gradient) Into blood Buffer role Conversions: Plasma Bicarbonate On Hb Into alveolus & expiration

Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide Figure 18-3b: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells

Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange Wet surface Thin epithelia Little ECF Diseases: Emphysema Fibrotic Lung Pulmonary edema Asthma

Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange Figure 18-5: Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar and endothelial cells to enter the plasma

Overview of Hemostasis: Clot Formation & Vessel Repair Figure 18-4: Pulmonary pathologies that affect alveolarventilation and gas exchange

Gas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen 2% in plasma 98% in hemoglobin (Hb) Blood holds O2 reserve Figure 18-6: Summary of oxygen transport in the blood

Gas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen Figure 18-7 : The role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Transport

Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve 4 binding sites per Hb molecule 98% saturated in alveolar arteries Resting cell PO2 = 40 mmHg Working cell PO2 = 20 mmHg More unloaded with more need 75% in reserve at normal activity

Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve Figure 18-8: Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

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