Molecular biology Unit 2 By Pallavi Bohra.

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Presentation transcript:

Molecular biology Unit 2 By Pallavi Bohra

Nucleic acids allow organisms to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next. First discovered by Friedrich Miescher from the nuclei of the pus cell from discarded surgical bandages and called it nuclein. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA and ribonucleic acid, better known as RNA. When a cell divides, its DNA is copied and passed from one cell generation to the next generation. Nucleic acid

Nucleic acid continue….. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide monomers. Nucleotides contain three parts. A Nitrogenous Base A Five-Carbon Sugar A Phosphate Group DNA consists of the four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Nucleic acid continue…..

Nucleic acid continue…. DNA and RNA each consists of four different nucleotides. All nucleotides have a common structure: a phosphate group linked by a phosphoester bond to a pentose (a five-carbon sugar molecule) that in turn is linked to an organic base. In RNA, the pentose is ribose; in DNA, it is deoxyribose. The bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine are found in both DNA and RNA; thymine is found only in DNA, and uracil is found only in RNA. Nucleic acid continue….

Nucleosides and nucleotides Base Ribonucleoside Deoxyribonucleoside Adenine Adenosine (A) deoxyadenosin (dA), Guanine Guanosine (G) deoxyguanosine (dG) Cytosine Cytidine (C) deoxycytidine(dC) Uracil Uridine (U) deoxyuridine(dU) Thymine Ribothymine (T) Deoxythymidine(dT) Base Ribonucleotide Deoxynucleotide Adenine AMP,ADP,ATP dAMP,dADP,dATP Guanine GMP,GDP,GTP dGMP,dGDP,dGTP Cytosine CMP,CDP,CTP dCMP,dCDP,dCTP Uracil UMP,UDP,UTP dUMP,dUDP,dUTP Thymine rTMPTDP,TTP dTMP,dTDP,dTTP Nucleosides and nucleotides

Chemical structure of ATP ATP -> ADP + P + energy, or ATP -> AMP + 2P + energy Chemical structure of ATP

Polynucleotide formed by condensation of two or more nucleotides. Occurs between the alcohol of a 5’ phosphate of one nucleotide and 3-hydroxyl of a second with the elimination of H2O, forming a phosphodiester bond. The primary structure of DNA and RNA proceeds in 5’ to 3 ‘ direction. Common presentation 5’-pGpApTpC-3’ Polynucleotide

Polynucleotide

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