Chapter 2 Matter and Measurement Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space Matter can be a solid, liquid, or a gas Solids have a fixed volume and a rigid shape Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container Gases expand to fill the container that holds them

Matter can be classified into 2 categories Pure substances Pure substances have fixed composition and a unique set of properties Mixtures Mixtures are composed of two or more substances

Pure Substances can be further divided Elements An element is a substance that cannot be further broken down into two or more substances There are currently 115 known elements Compounds A compound is a substance that contains more than one element. Compounds have fixed composition

Mixtures can be further divided Heterogeneous Non-uniform mixtures in which the composition varies throughout the substance Homogeneous Uniform mixtures in which the composition is the same throughout

Flowchart of Matter

Chemical Separation In chemistry a separation process transforms a mixture of substances into two or more compositionally-distinct products. Barring a few exceptions, almost every element or compound is found naturally in an impure state such as a mixture of two or more substances.

Separation Techniques Filtration Distillation Chromotography Decantation Extraction Sedimentation Precipitation