Proxy Wars: Korea Unit 9: Cold War.

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Proxy Wars: Korea Unit 9: Cold War

US and the USSR To avoid direct conflict, the US and USSR tried to win the support of other nations Used military and economic aid Proxy War: a war in which superpowers use substitutes instead of fighting directly Major proxy wars during the Cold War: Korea and Vietnam

US and the USSR US also formed alliance systems of SEATO (E. Asia) and CENTO (Middle East) SEATO: US, Britain, France, Pakistan, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand CENTO: Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Britain, US

The Korean War 1950-1953

Parallels: Korea and Gulf War Both were declared non-vital to US survival These were the only two times the UN authorized military force (up to 1991)

Korean War- Background Korean independence promised after WWII USSR and US agreed to divide Korea into two zones at the 38th parallel N. Vietnam = Communism Leader = Kim Il-Sung S. Vietnam = Democracy Leader = Syngman Rhee Division meant to be temporary

War Breaks out U.S. removed troops in 1948; Korea not a priority More focused on Europe Soviets continue occupation 1950- N. Korea invades 38th Parallel 100,000 soldiers w/ tanks and aircraft Push S. Korea to the southern coast “From the standpoint of military security, the United States has little strategic interest in maintaining the present troops and bases in Korea.” Joint Chiefs of Staff to President Truman 25 September 1947

Korean War- 1950 Truman received UN approval to send US troops in defense U.S. troops invade port of Inchon while other forces invade Pusan Both battles victories for UN forces N. Koreans pushed back across 38th Parallel to Chinese border by November China worried about invasion of their country China enters the war with N. Korea same month

Korean War- 1950 China pushes forces past 38th to capture Seoul Worst fighting in Chosin Reservoir 17 day battle in sub-zero temperatures UN troops encircled and outnumbered by 120,000 Chinese Marked beginning of withdrawal from N. Korea

Domestic Response Not a popular war; many tired after WWII Called “police action” to avoid the term “war” Term led to general apathy of the people Now known as “The Forgotten War”

Korean War- End Two year stalemate follows Chinese invasion Eisenhower threatens nuclear response in 1953 1953- armistice signed Americans happy with containment success; alarmed at communist aggression 38th parallel still remains the border to this day

Do you think it is important to remember the Korean War? Why or why not?

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