Developing Supporting Material Mackenzie, Mika, Bailey, Sarah H, Zach, Sara B

Offer Examples Illustrate, describe, or represent things Brief Examples: offer a single illustration of a point Extended Examples: offer multifaceted illustrations of the idea, item, or event being described Hypothetical Example: What you believe the outcome might be

Share Stories Also called narrative Stories help make sense of an experience Anecdotes- brief stories to keep interest of audience, often include humor

Draw on Testimony Testimony- first hand findings, eye witness accounts, peoples opinions Expert Testimony- from an expert Lay testimony- by non-experts(ex. Eyewitness) Want to quote or phrase people with knowledge of your topic?

Draw on Testimony When using a testimony in a speech use… Name Qualifications When Where Name Expert? When (doesn’t need to be stated, should be recorded) use recently and last year Where Ex. In testimony, Mrs. Enders, a high school teacher, said in class yesterday….

Provide Facts and Statistics Most people need evidence to accept a new idea or point of view Facts: documented occurrences, actual events, dates, times, people, places Statistics: numerical / quantified evidence that summarizes, compares & predicts things

Use Statistics Accurately Statistics can be an effective way to prove a point IF used correctly Know what the numbers mean, describe them accurately Use sparingly. Don’t overload a speech with numerical data.

Use Statistics to Indicate Counts Frequency – a count of the number of times something occurs Frequencies help an audience differentiate between categories, indicate size, or describe trends

Use Percentages to Express Proportion Percent - portion of the whole Useful for comparing categories of something Example from the book: Nearly 8 percent of April 2007 flights were delayed by aviation system delays; over 7 percent by late-arriving aircraft; over 6 percent by factors within the airline’s control, such as maintenance or crew problems; 0.70 percent by extreme weather; and 0.06 percent for security reasons.

Use Averages to Describe Typical Characteristics Average - describes information according to characteristics Is thought of sum divided by the number of scores Mean - average Median - the middle number Mode - the number that appears most often

Presenting your Statistics Ethically Only give reliable statics…the more information you can find about the statistic the more reliable it is bound to be Avoid confusing your audience with the “absolute truth”…avoid saying that your statistics are definitive One last tip: Avoid “Cherry picking.” Cherry picking is using statistics that only help your point of view and ignoring the competing statistics.

Refer Orally to Your Sources You as the speaker includes the adjectives “landmark” to signal the credibility for the information in your speech. When using websites make sure to check the creditability of the website. If you cannot contact the source, it is probably not a good source. .edu- educational .gov- government .mil- military .org- non profit organization .com- business/commercial .net- network

Checklist To evaluate your research needs, do you need…… Examples to describe or represent your ideas? A story to drive your point home? Firsthand findings, in the form of testimony, to strengthen your argument? Relevant facts to validate your statements? Statistics to demonstrate relationships?