Electrons … and How to Use Them!
Structure of an Atom Charges Location in Atom Electron – negative Orbits Charges Electron – negative Proton – positive Neutron - neutral Location in Atom Electrons – in orbits Protons & Neutrons – in nucleus Nucleus
Electrons are arranged in orbits Orbit 1 holds 2 electrons Orbit 2 holds 8 electrons Orbit 3 holds
Why do we care? The STRONG FORCE !! Protons and neutrons are held together by the strongest force in nature! Electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus The farther from the nucleus, the less tightly they are held The STRONG FORCE !!
Why do we care? (continued…) SO… they are more likely to move around SO….. Almost ALL chemical behavior in the UNIVERSE is defined by the motion of electrons!
Charged Ions (reference: pHet Sim) Two ways to make a positively charged ion Two ways to make a negatively charged ion Given what we learned from the Ruler Lab, how will a positive ion be formed in “real life”? Given what we learned from the Ruler Lab, how will a negative ion be formed in “real life”? What happens to an atom if the number of protons is changed?
Ions: Charged Atoms Positively Charged Atoms Less electrons (-) than protons (+) Overall POSITIVE charge Called CATIONS
Ions: Charged Atoms JUST KIDDING…. They are called ANIONS Negatively Charged Atoms More electrons (-) than protons (+) Overall NEGATIVE charge Called DOGIONS JUST KIDDING…. They are called ANIONS
Ions: Charged Atoms Cations – positively charged Less electrons (-) than protons (+) Overall POSITIVE charge Called Cations Anions – negatively charged More electrons (-) than protons (+) Overall NEGATIVE charge Called Anions A Negative I O N
Elements are arranged by size… and chemical properties The Periodic Table Elements are arranged by size… and chemical properties Chemical properties are defined by… ELECTRONS!
The Periodic Table
Properties Properties are related to atomics structure. The number of electrons in the outer most orbit (valence electrons) determine how an atom will behave in chemical reactions.