By: Emily Skirpan and Caleigh Hensley Ethnicity By: Emily Skirpan and Caleigh Hensley

Race Vs. Ethnicity What is race? Race is used to describe an identity with a group of people that descend from a common ancestor Words to describe race are: Caucasian African American What is ethnicity? Ethnicity is used to describe an identity with a group of people that share distinct mental and physical traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions *Race can be used to describe ethnicity!

Where are ethnicities concentrated? African American – Mostly concentrated in the South, and some cities up North Asian American – Mostly concentrated on the West coast and Hawaii Latin American – Mostly concentrated in the Southwest and bordering states Native American – Mostly concentrated in the Southwest and a few Midwest states

History of slavery and segregation The Triangular Slave Trade – Slaves were sent primarily to Caribbean Islands and traded for sugar and molasses The slaves were sent to work on plantations in the Southern part of the United States The Civil War lead to tension over the question and morality of slavery The Emancipation Proclamation followed by the 13th Amendment ended slavery in the US Sharecropping resulted as a part of the slaves’ freedom

Racial Discrimination Although slaves were freed, there were still tensions between racial groups Jim Crow Laws- The systematic practice of discriminating against and segregating Black people, especially as practiced in the American South from the end of Reconstruction to the mid- 20th century Brown v. Board of Education- court case that ruled separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional

Apartheid Apartheid – “Separateness” between whites and blacks in South Africa This is a good example of racial discrimination in the 20th century

Ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing – the desire to kill or remove every man, woman, and child of one ethnic group Example: Bosnian Serbs (Orthodox Christians) against Bosnian Muslims in former Yugoslavia Genocide- the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race. Example: The Genocide in Rwanda and the Holocaust

Key terms Racism - belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement Racist- person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others nation-state- state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality Race -people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock Apartheid - a rigid policy of segregation of the non-white population in the country of South Africa. An system or practice that separates people according to race, caste, etc. Balkanization -to divide (a country, territory, or other geographic area) into small, quarrelsome, and ineffectual states.

Key terms from this chapter Nationalism - the loyalty and devotion towards a particular country or nation Nationality - the identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country Centrifugal force - the apparent force that seems to draw away from unity of a group Ethnic cleansing - the systematic elimination of an ethnic group, or groups from a region or society through deportation, forced emigration, or genocide Ethnicity - group identification based on shared ethnic traits, background, allegiance, or association Enclave – a country surrounded by a foreign country; a group living within a larger group Acculturation -the modification of one's culture with a prolonged interaction involving another culture

Key Terms Genetics -the science of heredity, dealing with resemblances and differences of related organisms resulting from the interaction of their genes and the environment. Ethnicity -identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. Genocide -the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. Triangular slave trade - an efficient triangular trading pattern Exclave - portion of a country geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory multi-ethnic state – a state that contains more one ethnicity. multinational state – a state that contains two or more ethnic groups