Carbohydrates.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates

Macronutrients there are three essential macronutrient that are critical to human growth and development lipids proteins carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. Carbohydrates can be classified by simple or complex. Simple carbohydrates contain one sugar molecule, monosaccharides complex carbohydrates contain two or more sugar molecules, disaccharides and polysaccharides provide heat and energy, supplies fibre for good digestion and excretion of waste.

Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, they are commonly called Sugars. Monosaccharides have chemical formula C6H12O6, but have different arrangements. Glucose- is the preferred source of energy for the brain and is very important energy source for all cells. Fructose- is the sweetest natural sugar and occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables . Galactose- occurs as part of the disaccharides lactose.

Disaccharides Disaccharides consist of two molecules of sugar joined together. lactose, found in milk consists of one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule. maltose consists of two glucose molecules. sucrose, the sweetest disaccharide is composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule.

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates, meaning they consist of long chains of glucose molecules. starch is stored in plants. Glycogen is stored by animals. Fiber Soluble fibers dissolve in water, are viscous#, and are fermentable*. Insoluble fibers do not dissolve in water, are usually nonviscous and typically cannot be fermented by bacteria in the colon. *as in viscosity, a state between solid and liquid, and sticky. # the ability to be fermented, conversion of sugars to acids, gases and yes alcohol

Why Do we need Carbohydrates? - carbohydrates and fat fuel daily activity. - carbohydrates fuel exercise, the more intense the exercise the more carbohydrates are used for fuel in place of fats. - low carbohydrate intake can lead to ketoacidosis*, which is linked to type 1 diabetes. - carbohydrates do not cause weight gain if excess calories are not consumed. - carbohydrates spare protein. * when there is a lack of carbohydrates, the body produces more ketones as an alternate fuel source, excess ketones in the blood leads to ketoacidosis.

Exit Slip answer true and false Carbohydrate are one of three main nutrients (macronutrients) essential to living things Chemically, carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and helium the more inactive a person is the more carbohydrates he/she will need Complex carbohydrates are also known as simple sugars Carbohydrates break down the quickest of the macronutrients.