Dr Sean Weaver, Principal, Carbon Partnership Global Issues: A Forest Story From An Educator-Practitioner Enviroschools National Hui Rotorua, November 2012

Global Issues: A Forest Story From An Educator-Practitioner

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Learn to live with a different climate Be an international role model

Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Historical carbon emissions with two potential pathways for the future Currently predicted path Historical Emissions Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations Flat path Billions of tons carbon emitted per year

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Historical carbon emissions with two potential pathways for the future Currently predicted path Historical Emissions Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Flat path Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Historical carbon emissions with two potential pathways for the future Historical Emissions Billions of tons carbon emitted per year

Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Billions of tons carbon emitted per year

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations Flat path 7 Billion Tons carbon per year over 50 years Emissions to be avoided The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Stabilisation Triangle

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations 7 Wedges are needed to build the Stabilisation Triangle 1 Wedge Avoids 1 Billion tons of carbon emissions per year by 2062 The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Emissions to be avoided The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Stabilisation Triangle

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations 7 Wedges are needed to build the Stabilisation Triangle 1 Wedge Avoids 1 Billion tons of carbon emissions per year by 2062 The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Emissions to be avoided The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Stabilisation Triangle

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle Energy efficiency

Cut greenhouse gas emissions Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle Fossil Carbon Management

Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle Biofuels, Hydrogen Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle Renewable electricity generation Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle Greater share of renewables Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle 50 fold expansion of wind energy Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Billions of tons carbon emitted per year Currently predicted path Towards Tripling CO 2 Concentrations Avoid Doubling CO 2 Concentrations The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge into seven monumental tasks Flat path Stabilisation Triangle Forest Management Cut greenhouse gas emissions

Forest Management REDD+ This is what I do

REDD+

Introduction To REDD+ What is ? Whats new about REDD+ ? What can we do ? Whats the big deal ?

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Introduction To REDD+ What is ?

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation

CO 2 Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Sugar Oxygen C Wood CO 2

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Tap Drain Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Forest Carbon

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Drain Tap Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Forest Carbon

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Drain CO 2 Tap Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Forest Carbon

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Drain Tap Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Forest Carbon

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Drain Tap Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Forest Carbon

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Drain Tap Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions Forest Carbon

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation CO 2 Drain Tap Carbon Removals Carbon StoredCarbon Emissions

Introduction To REDD+ What is ? Whats new about REDD+ ? What can we do ? Whats the big deal ?

CroplandForest

Temp CO 2 ppm Age 100,000 years b.p. Climate and atmospheric history of past 400,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica 400 Current CO 2 concentration 500 CO 2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)

Temp CO 2 ppm Age 100,000 years b.p. Climate and atmospheric history of past 400,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica 400 Current CO 2 concentration 500 CO 2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)

Temp CO 2 ppm Age 100,000 years b.p. 400 Current CO 2 concentration 500 CO 2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)

Temp CO 2 ppm Age 100,000 years b.p. 400 Current CO 2 concentration 500 CO 2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections) CO 2 concentration at 2100 (upper end projections) Global Warming Safe level for CO2 350ppm

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4 2007) (AR5 due 2013) Three volumes: 1.Scientific Basis 2.Impacts, Adaptation, Vulnerability 3.Mitigation of Climate Change Each Volume has: Summary for policy makers Technical summary Full Report There is also a Synthesis Report

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Dr Bob Watson, co- Chair MEA and establish the scientific basis for actions needed to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Called for by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 2000 in his report to the UN General Assembly, We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. Kofi Annan, ex UN Secretary General The goal was to assess the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being

Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystem Services Environment : a place for the production of ecosystem services. The flow of these services is dependent on the health of the ecosystems that produce them. "Human activity is putting such strain on the natural functions of Earth that the ability of the planet's ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted. The challenge of reversing the degradation of ecosystems while meeting increasing demands for their services can be partially met but these involve significant changes in policies, institutions and practices that are not currently under way. Key Findings

Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystem Services Environment : a place for the production of ecosystem services. The flow of these services is dependent on the health of the ecosystems that produce them. Ecosystems = ecological infrastructure requiring investment and maintenance Ecological infrastructures often produce services at a lower cost than engineering infrastructures TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity TEEB helps to justify public and private sector investments in looking after the place E.g. Payment For Ecosystem Services

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming Debt Financing Modern banks have a 10:1 liability to cash reserve ratio (or worse) $100 deposit generates $1,000 in loans Over 90% of the money in circulation is borrowed The global economy must grow by the interest rate for the financial system to remain stable But Im not growing

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming Approx 5 born every second Approx 2.5 die every second Approx 2.5 added to World Population every second 6,000 every hour 150,000 every day 64 million every year

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

Impacts Sea level rise Cyclone intensity Flooding Drought Ocean acidification Biodiversity decline International economy Population growth World oil prices Food security Cross cutting issues: Safe level for CO2 350ppm Global Warming

= Quite Big Problem Global Warming Solution?= Reduce Emissions Sources? = Approx 80% Fossil Fuels Approx 20% Forests Kyoto Protocol UNFCCC REDD Agreement (still under negotiation) (and other instruments already available)

Introduction To REDD+ What is ? Whats new about REDD+ ? What can we do ? Whats the big deal ? UNFCCC REDD Agreement (still under negotiation) (and other instruments already available)

Whats new about REDD+ ?

New form of forest finance Payment for Ecosystem Services Whats new about REDD+ ? Large scale environmental solutions need to be financed E.g. US$2 Trillion in low and no carbon energy in next decade

New form of forest finance Payment for Ecosystem Services Large scale environmental solutions need to be financed E.g. US$2 Trillion in low and no carbon energy in next decade to peak in global GHG emissions Green finance needed Public money Private money

New form of forest finance Payment for Ecosystem Services Performance-based payments for the delivery of forest conservation benefits that are: 1.Measurable 2.Verifiable 3.Additional 4.Permanent

1.Measurable 2.Verifiable 3.Additional 4.Permanent Measurement Reporting & Verification System (MRV)

1.Measurable 2.Verifiable 3.Additional 4.Permanent Measurement Reporting & Verification System (MRV) Additionality Test (wouldn't have happened anyway)

1.Measurable 2.Verifiable 3.Additional 4.Permanent Measurement Reporting & Verification System (MRV) Instrument for Delivery of Incentive Payments Legal & Socio-Economic Measures to Fix Causes of Deforestation/Degradation Additionality Test (wouldn't have happened anyway)

Instrument for Delivery of Incentive Payments Income From This Wood/agriculture commodities sold in a market E.g. carbon credit commodities sold in a market + grant finance opportunities What does PES look like ? Jobs Economic development Community well-being Benefits from living forests for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Income From This E.g. carbon credit commodities sold in a market + grant finance opportunities This is what I do: I help rainforest owners make a living from Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) instead of timber

Introduction To REDD+ What is ? Whats new about REDD+ ? What can we do ? Whats the big deal ?

What can we do ? = Approx 80% Fossil Fuels

Approx 20% Forests

= Approx 80% Fossil Fuels Approx 20% Forests Positive messaging Negative messaging Enduring Relationships Need:

= Approx 80% Fossil Fuels Approx 20% Forests Focus on solution no less thanof the time Focus on problem no more than of the time Effective Environmental Education And Communication Strategies Need: Bombarding people with problem data does not motivate them Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem

= Approx 80%Forests Awareness Values Knowledge Skills Actions Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem Focus on solution no less thanof the time

= Approx 80%Forests Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem Focus on solution no less thanof the time

Focus on solution no less than Turn ourselves into walking s Train others to be walking solutions I hear and I forget I see and I remember I do and I understand Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem

Focus on solution no less than Turn ourselves into walking s Train others to be walking solutions Walking solutions master their art through experience Our job as educators is to provide experiences in the art of doing solutions

I also need the emotional intelligence to endure as a solutionist … in the face of relentless challenges from people like me Train others to be walking solutions Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution Assertive Compassion To sustain this we also need a support community

Ekodō Environmental practice as a martial art In an interconnected world there are no boundaries This is global self defence Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution Assertive Compassion

Ekodō Environmental practice as a martial art This is global self defence I am good enough In an interconnected world there are no boundaries Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution

Ekodō Environmental practice as a martial art I am good enough Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution

I can do this Just as I am I am good enough Right hereRight now Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution

My mind is open and inquisative Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution I dont mind making mistakes I respond well to encouragement Constantly judging me gives me anxiety I learn best when it is fun My best teachers help me discover my own skills

My mind is open and inquisative Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution I dont mind making mistakes I respond well to encouragement Constantly judging me gives me anxiety My best teachers help me discover my own skills I learn best when it is fun

Thanks for listening

Some Ekodō Readings Ekodō: The Gift Ekodō: Good Enough Ekodō: Earth Witness Ekodō: Ecology of Anger Ekodō: West Coast Story Ekodō: The Rabbit Or do a search in Happyzine for Ekodo articles