Sentence Structure S-P-C, S-V-O

SUBJECT The SUBJECT of a sentence defines the ACTOR. The Subject can be one of many grammar element types.

SUBJECT simple noun: Language is important. pronoun: It is important. noun phrase:     The clear expression of language is important. gerund phrase:     Writing is important. infinitive phrase:     To write clearly is important. appositive phrase:     Tom, my manager, is young. nominal clause:     What we write is important.

PREDICATE The PREDICATE is the ACTION being done, or it DESCRIBES the actor. The SIMPLE PREDICATE is just the verb phrase. The COMPLETE PREDICATE includes a COMPLEMENT.

SIMPLE PREDICATE He ran. He already ran. He was running. He was already running.

COMPLEMENT A COMPLEMENT completes the predicate. The COMPLEMENT includes objects. The COMPLEMENT includes ADJUNCTS.

COMPLEMENT SUBJECT • PREDICATE • DIRECT OBJECT SUBJECT • PREDICATE • INDIRECT OBJECT • DIRECT OBJECT SUBJECT • PREDICATE • SUBJECT COMPLEMENT SUBJECT • PREDICATE • DIRECT OBJ. • OBJECT COMPLEMENT

DIRECT OBJECT Receives the action of the predicate simple noun:     He bought a car. pronoun:     He bought it. noun phrase:     He bought an expensive new car. gerund phrase:     He enjoys driving his car. infinitive phrase:     He wanted to drive in the countryside. appositive phrase:     He bought a Lamborghini, a sports car. nominal clause:     He bought what we wanted.

INDIRECT OBJECT Benefits from the action of the predicate simple noun:     He bought Andrea a car. pronoun:     He bought her a car. noun phrase:     He bought his new wife a car. appositive phrase:     He bought his wife Andrea a car. nominal clause:     He bought who he married a car.

LINKING VERBS to BE SENSORY verbs (feel, look, smell, sound, and taste) Other verbs such as become, seem, and appear

SUBJECT COMPLEMENT Uses Linking Verb to describe the Subject Bill is a chemist. Bill is smart. Bill is in the classroom. Bill feels well. Bill looked tired. Bill sounds excited. Bill became a doctor. Bill seems creative. Bill appears calm.

OBJECT COMPLEMENT Luis called his friend a liar. Describes the Object using verbs such as call, keep, make, name, prove, find, or catch Luis called his friend a liar. Luis kept the information a secret. Luis made his students happy. Luis named his dog Ponta. Luis proved the idea correct. Luis found the chicken delicious. Luis caught his student cheating.

ADJUNCTS A word or phrase which can be added to a part of the sentence but is not necessary to the core meaning of the sentence An adjunct can be any word or phrase that can be removed, but the sentence still makes sense

ADJUNCTS The student studied hard. The student studied.

ADJUNCTS His books next to him, the student in the dormitory late at night studied hard to pass the test. The student in the dormitory late at night studied hard to pass the test. The student late at night studied hard to pass the test. The student studied hard to pass the test. The student studied to pass the test. The student studied.