Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA) European Statistical Training Programme (ESTP) Jasmin Guelden Sterzl Statistics Austria Vienna, 28 – 30 Mai 2018 THE CONTRACTOR IS ACTING UNDER A FRAMEWORK CONTRACT CONCLUDED WITH THE COMMISSION

PEFA: same data as in energy balances, arranged differently General Overview Physical Energy Flow Accounts are a part of Energy Accounts: SEEA Energy accounts Physical Energy Flow Accounts PEFA Asset Accounts (opening and closing stock of environmental assets, stock changes) Ideally, data that enter Energy Accounts come from the same sources as for Energy Balances. PEFA: same data as in energy balances, arranged differently

Why Energy Accounts…? Energy accounts in general and PEFA specifically use data from energy statistics, applying definitions from National Accounts so that energy data can be aligned with monetary data in National Accounts. Different definitions regarding transport data and the treatment of data within the national boundary (residence vs. territory principle). The energy balance is the most common format of energy statistics.

Differences between the two concepts Energy Balances: Transport sectors defined functionally and displayed separately based on territory principle PEFA: Energy consumption for transport allocated to individual sectors  part of sectoral energy consumption based on residence principle

Austrian energy balance 2016 PEFA: part of sectoral consumption

Residence vs. Territory Principle PEFA follow the residence principle: All energy commodities used by resident units are accounted for – on national territory and abroad Energy Balances follow the territorial principle: All energy commodities used on national territory – by residents and non-residents are accounted for. Corrections have to be made for energy commodities that are purchased by non-residents on national territory. These will be accounted for as exports in PEFA. Analogically, energy commodities that are purchased abroad and used by resident units do constitute imports in PEFA. Bridge Table

Overview Case Austria Statistics Austria compiles the following energy statistics: Energy data Energy balances Energy accounts (national methodology) Physical Energy Flow Accounts PEFA Data come from one source and are therefore comparable!

Energy Accounts in Austria - Basics Energy consumption data in Austria are mostly based on surveys: 2 y. Household Survey 1 y. Services Survey Industry Survey Data enter the Energy Balance and Energy Accounts /PEFA simultaneously but with different levels of aggregation – Surveys provide information on fuel consumption in transport. No extra transport survey! A few important energy companies are being contacted directly Material Input Statistics Small & middle businesses Use energy analysis Model of offroad diesel consumption in agriculture

Data specifics The following specifics have to be taken into account: Sales data (gasoline, diesel sales etc.) that enter the energy balance are based on the territorial principle (“top down approach”) Survey data collected in the household, services and industry survey reflect the residence principle (“bottom-up approach”) Using the differences between the “top down” and the “bottom up” approach can be used to determine the fuel consumption of residents abroad and the fuel consumption of non-residents on national territory.

Fuel consumption of non-residents on national territory Data on national level, e.g. sales data, foreign trade data: Territorial Principle Survey data, e.g. energy consumption in the services and industry sector, in households: Residence Principle Fuel consumption of non-residents on national territory Fuel consumption of residents abroad Data can be used directly in the energy balance Data has to be adapted for PEFA Data can be used directly in the PEFA Data has to be adapted for energy balances

Determination of values In detail, the following calculations are made: Fuel consumption of the industry/services sectors abroad is estimated by using the tonnes-km travelled abroad in relation to total tonnes-km. The allocation of fuel consumption to NACE sectors itself comes from the different surveys. Fuel consumption of households abroad is estimated by using km for holiday travels in relation to total km travelled per year.

Determination of values Through the estimation of fuel consumption of residents abroad, the fuel consumption of non-residents on the territory can be determined. This quantity is part of “other land transport” in the energy balance and is part of exports in the PEFA.

Compilation of the PEFA Questionnaire Primary production/intermediate consumption from national energy accounts We start with table B.1 (voluntary): Transformation input from energy balances

2nd step - table B.2 (voluntary): Intermediate consumption from nat. energy accounts – corresponding cell from table B.1 + non-energy cons. B as sum of B.1 and B.2, or fill in B directly, when B.1 and B.2 are not populated

3rd step – table A, Energy products: Secondary production from national energy accounts + intraest. cons. from energy balances – feedstocks (where applicable) 3rd step – table A, Energy products:

Total use from table B (= total supply in table A) 4th step – table A, Energy residuals: Energy losses = Total use from table B (= total supply in table A) energy incorporated in non- energy use energy products

In many cases, table C equals table B with respect to energy products. 5th step – table C (emission-relevant use): In many cases, table C equals table B with respect to energy products. Exception, the transformation into other energy products e.g: hard coal that is transformed to coke. Emissions from the consumption of coke and of coke oven gas (that is a by-product of the coking process) are attributed to those two products in the different NACE sectors. Transformation losses are taken into account here. Therefore, hard coal in P08-C19 in table C is smaller than in table B. 6th step – table D (Key energy indicators): Calculated automatically

7th step – table E (Bridge table): Based on tonnes-km for industry and services and on travel habits of households 7th step – table E (Bridge table): National airlines data Difference Data on outflow of fuel into foreign planes/vessels Mainly ambient heat, rounding diff. according to Eurostat DB

Summary Our data collections can be used for energy balances, energy accounts, SHARES and for the PEFA. Those statistics are all compiled using the same data and are therefore consistent Our surveys on energy consumption also ask for fuel consumption. This information enables us to compile the different statistics. Important: include Energy Statistics Unit in work!

Questions?

Physical Environemental Accounts (PEA) European Statistical Training Programme (ESTP) Please address queries to your trainer: Jasmin Guelden Sterzl jasmin.guelden-sterzl@statistik.gv.at