Biological Influence on Learning

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Presentation transcript:

Biological Influence on Learning Learning: Biological & Cognitive Biological Influence on Learning Can limit conditioning Can speed up conditioning

Morning sickness during pregnancy + Cabo Beach Grill = ???? TASTE AVERSION!!!

Taste Aversions: Why? John Garcia’s Research (1950s) irradiating rats to see its effect on their behavior rats didn't want to eat the things they'd been fed shortly before being irradiated theorized that this was because they were getting nauseous from the radiation radiated rats were conditioned to link the taste of sweetened water with nausea and avoided it after only ONE trial When there is a natural aversive (bad!) stimulus, conditioning is immediate! Evolutionary advantage: prevents us from eating something twice that might be toxic.

Keller and Marian Breland trained raccoons to put coins in a piggy bank rewarded with food for successful deposits worked with single coins, but when the researchers gave a raccoon more than one coin, the raccoon would sit and rub the coins together instead by associating the coins with food, the raccoons' natural instinct to 'wash' food by rubbing it together was activated Classical conditioning was inhibited by this natural biological response

Summary: Role of Biology in Learning Learning is adaptive = increases ability to survive Biological influence can increase or limit conditioning EXAMPLES: Animals can be trained as long as it doesn't override their instinctive behaviors. Once we've developed distaste for something we associate with getting sick, it's hard to get over it.

Cognitive Learning Emphasizes the role of mental processes such as rule formation and strategies for goal attainment There are several examples of cognitive learning: INSIGHT LATENT OBSERVATIONAL http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/observation-and-insight.html#lesson

Insight Learning Insight = acute observation and deduction Insight Learning as described by Wolfgang Kohler is a sudden awareness of the solution to a problem Kohler studied chimps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwDhYUlbxiQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrPb41hzYdw Sultan the Chimp

Latent Learning As described by E. C. Tolman, is learning in the absence of apparent reward Not demonstrated at the time the learning takes place

Observational Learning Albert Bandura described this as learning by watching another individual and modeling the learned task Potential to be positive or negative http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQwJXvlTWDw

Learned Helplessness Martin Seligman a decrease in responding that occurs after exposure to uncontrollable aversive events A tendency to give up

Crash course review of Behavior & Learning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE

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Explain Everything Review Topics: Group 1: Ch 1 = approaches to the science of psychology (17-20) Group 2: Ch 2 = types of research methods in psychology (34-44…pick three types) Group 3: Ch 3 = nervous system (61-66) Group 4: Ch 3 = peripheral and central nervous systems (67-71) Group 5: Ch 3 = endocrine and immune system (99-103) Group 6: Ch 4 = vision (118-132…pick a few key parts) Group 7: Ch 4 = chemical senses (133-138) Group 8: Ch 5 = organizing the perceptual world (163-173…pick a few key parts) Group 9: Ch 7 = storing new memories (245-251) Group 10: Ch 7 = retrieving memories (252-257) Group 11: Ch 8 = language (309-316) Group 12: Ch 12 = infancy and childhood cognitive development (464-473) Group 13: Ch 12 = adolescence (494-502)