WORLD WAR I, The Great War

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Presentation transcript:

WORLD WAR I, The Great War

Belligerents (Aggressive) of 1916* *Allied Powers (Allies) - fought against the *Central Powers (*centrally located in Europe). Fought on both the eastern & western fronts! (2 front war) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22nITSqkQM4

*Schlieffen Plan 1905, German Field Marshall von Schlieffen planned for a 2 front war. *The Schlieffen Plan called for: 1. quick knockout blow to France 2. take the offensive against Russia. 3. *2 front wars always cause more casualties *Summary of Schlieffen Plan-Attack France 1st, then Russia

World War I: 1914 – 1918 Six weeks after the assassination of the Archduke, WWI began & would include every major country in Europe with the exception of Spain, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Western Front: The Battle of the Marne *Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium (Belgium’s neutrality was broken by this invasion). German troops reached Marne River near Paris before being stopped. Trench warfare on the western front began. From Swiss border to the North Sea. Result: Germany forced to fight a trench war and a 2 front war (more casualties) Battle of the Marne

*Weapons of WWI = Mass Destruction 1. Repeating Carbine Rifle 2. Grenades 3. Airplanes 4. Poison Gas 5. Razor Wire 6. Tanks 7. Flame throwers 8. Submarines 9. Zeppelins 10. *Machine Gun-made troop advances costly! *HIGH CASUALTY RATES SUFFERED BY BOTH SIDES (*MOST IMPORTANT WEAPON OF WORLD WAR I)

QUICK CHECK “Bombardment, barrage, curtain-fire, mines, gas, tanks, machine guns, hand-grenades- words, words, but they hold the horror of the world” –Erich Maria Remarque All Quiet on the Western Front This quotation best describes the effects of the? Technological development used during WWI Formation of alliances in World War II Tension between the super powers during the Cold War Protest against reforms during the Indian Independence movement

*Trench Warfare* *As a result of the military technological advancements made during WWI, this type of warfare was prevalent Stalemate = lack of progress or advancement. Trenches – dug to protect soldiers from the new weapons esp. constant bombardments & machine guns

*Over the top & into . . . * *‘NO MAN’S LAND’ = territory between the trenches

Blockade vs. U-Boats Germany uses unrestricted U-Boat (submarine) warfare - sink any ship without warning. Did not want any cargo ships reaching Britain. Used in defense of Great Britain’s blockade of German waters.

Washington D.C April 22, 1915 NOTICE!!! TRAVELERS intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her Allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travellers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk! Imperial German Embassy

Sinking of the Lusitania *Shortly after this newspaper notice first appeared a luxury liner, the Lusitania, was sunk off the coast of Ireland

STALEMATE: Battle of Verdun & Somme Battle of Verdun - Germany hoped to bleed the French dry. Germany lost 330,000 men and France lost 350,000 men. Battle of Somme – British & Germans lost 20,000 ea. Result: HUGE casualties suffered by both sides without gain of territory. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gOU_GCkwMo&list=PLriV6zM6zxPYQte7gj41HgZT8irElWeAx

EASTERN Front-Russia 1914-16 Russia mobilizes faster than Germans expect. Brutal fighting. True trench warfare never develops because of the length of the front; it was easy to overwhelm part of the line. Russia’s greatest military asset was its population.

UNITED STATES chooses Neutrality US declared neutrality. Americans saw war as European problem that didn’t involve us. Traded with all.

U.S. enters WW I, April 1917 WHY? ‘SLUTZ’ S ussex Pledge-Germany sinks Sussex, but pledges not to sink any more passenger ships *L usitania sunk by Germany off the coast of Ireland *U nrestricted U-Boat (Submarine) Warfare (Germany’s policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning) T ies with Great Britain *Z immerman Telegram – pushed the United States to enter the war by exposing the German plan to help Mexico regain US territory if they entered the war on the side of Germany. Tide shifted in favor of Allies!