PD-L1 selectively marks circulating NCMs.

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PD-L1 selectively marks circulating NCMs. PD-L1 selectively marks circulating NCMs. (A) Volcano plot showing gene expression profile in monocyte subsets. Difference of gene expression activity was calculated for each gene. A difference greater than +100% meant that a single gene was highly and only expressed in NCMs. Green box indicates genes that were significantly up-regulated in NCMs (P < 0.01; difference > +100%). (B) PD-L1 expression on blood leukocytes. Representative flow cytometry analysis (left) and quantification (right) of PD-L1 expression from the blood of WT mice. Monocyte subsets were defined as shown in fig. S1A, CMs were Ly6C+, IMs were Ly6Cint, and NCMs were Ly6C−. Other leukocyte populations (CD45+) were gated as follows: B cells (CD11b−, B220+), CD8 T cells (CD11b−, B220−, CD8+), CD4 T cells (CD11b−, B220−, CD4+), eosinophils (CD11b+, Ly6G−, Sschigh), and neutrophils (PMNs, CD11b+, CD115−, Ly6G+). Data are shown as means ± SEM. n = 4 mice from two independent experiments; ***P < 0.001. (C) Representative immunofluorescence confocal micrographs of whole blood stained for PD-L1 (cyan), CD115 (red), and Ly6G (yellow). Scale bar, 20 μm. (D) Flow cytometry–derived t-SNE reduction maps of whole-blood leukocytes. PD-L1 expression was compared with CX3CR1 expression from Cx3cr1gfp/+ mice. NCMs and CMs are indicated. (E) Frequency of blood PD-L1+ monocyte subsets. Representative flow cytometry analysis (left) and quantification (right) of PD-L1+ CMs, IMs, and NCMs from the blood of WT mice. Data are shown as means ± SEM. n = 4 mice from two independent experiments; ***P < 0.001. (F) Frequency of blood CX3CR1+ monocyte subsets. Representative flow cytometry analysis (left) and quantification (right) of CX3CR1+ CMs, IMs, and NCMs from the blood of Cx3cr1gfp/+ mice. Data are shown as means ± SEM. n = 3 mice. (G) Top: Representative flow cytometry analysis comparing gating strategies based on PD-L1 (left) and CX3CR1 (right) expression. Gates show all PD-L1+ and CX3CR1+ leukocytes. Bottom: Fraction of NCMs from the parental gates. AF, autofluorescence. (H) Percentage of PD-L1+ and CX3CR1+ leukocytes compared with the percentage of NCMs measured by conventional gating strategy (from fig. S1A). (I) Correlation between percentages of NCMs and PD-L1+ leukocytes. WBC, white blood cells. (J) Quantification of the NCMs fraction in PD-L1+ and CX3CR1+ leukocytes. Data in (H) and (J) are shown as means ± SEM. n = 4 mice (NCMs and PD-L1) and n = 3 mice (CX3CR1); **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. NS, not significant. Mariaelvy Bianchini et al. Sci. Immunol. 2019;4:eaar3054 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works