GOODS MOVEMENT & Air Quality Considerations Presented by Larry Greene, Executive Director Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD)

Goods Movement Policy January 25, 2005 – State of California Policy Improving goods movement in California is a high priority for the Governor due to economic & quality of life issues. California will improve & expand the goods movement industry & infrastructure in a manner that: Generates jobs Generates jobs Increases mobility and reduces traffic congestion Increases mobility and reduces traffic congestion Improves air quality and protects public health Improves air quality and protects public health Enhances public and port safety Enhances public and port safety Improves quality of life Improves quality of life

What Increases are Expected? The Federal Highway Administration projects freight movement through California to increase 79% between 1998 and The Federal Highway Administration projects freight movement through California to increase 79% between 1998 and In the Central Valley annual truck vehicle miles are expected to increase 60% from 4,677 billion miles in 2005 to 7,758 billion miles in In the Central Valley annual truck vehicle miles are expected to increase 60% from 4,677 billion miles in 2005 to 7,758 billion miles in Increased rail capacity and planned improvements will allow utilization of railroads for transporting more goods. Increased rail capacity and planned improvements will allow utilization of railroads for transporting more goods. Sacramento International and Mather airports master plans forecast a 61% (aggregated) increase in freight from 2005 to Sacramento International and Mather airports master plans forecast a 61% (aggregated) increase in freight from 2005 to The Port of Sacramento will likely see increases. The Port of Sacramento will likely see increases.

Does Increased Goods Movement Mean Increased Emissions? The Goods Movement Action Plan, Phase I recognizes the potential increase in air emissions. The Goods Movement Action Plan, Phase I recognizes the potential increase in air emissions. The Phase II Progress Report identifies the details needed to implement the Governors Policy, including… The Phase II Progress Report identifies the details needed to implement the Governors Policy, including… The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is in the process of developing an Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and International Goods Movement to address the potential increase in air emissions and related health impacts. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is in the process of developing an Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and International Goods Movement to address the potential increase in air emissions and related health impacts. What role will the local air district, SMAQMD play? What role will the local air district, SMAQMD play?

Achieve clean air goals by leading the region in protecting public health and the environment through innovative and effective programs, dedicated staff, community involvement and public education. SMAQMD Mission

Air Quality Issues Ozone Ozone Federal non-attainment area Federal non-attainment area Must attain between 2013 and 2019 Must attain between 2013 and 2019 Particulate Matter Particulate Matter State non-attainment area State non-attainment area Under the new proposed Federal standard will be non-attainment Under the new proposed Federal standard will be non-attainment Climate Change Climate Change Growing awareness of urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Growing awareness of urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Adds impetus for ozone and particulate matter reductions Adds impetus for ozone and particulate matter reductions

Driven By Health Effects Ozone is a strong irritant that can cause constriction of the airways, forcing the respiratory system to work harder in order to provide oxygen Aggravated respiratory disease such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma Aggravated respiratory disease such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma Reduced resistance to infection, increased fatigue, or weakened athletic performance Reduced resistance to infection, increased fatigue, or weakened athletic performance Particulate matter consists of very small liquid and solid particles that can be inhaled deep into the lung Short term exposure aggravates lung disease, can create asthma attacks or acute bronchitis, linked to heart attacks, arrhythmias Short term exposure aggravates lung disease, can create asthma attacks or acute bronchitis, linked to heart attacks, arrhythmias Long term exposure associated with reduced lung function, chronic bronchitis and premature death Long term exposure associated with reduced lung function, chronic bronchitis and premature death Diesel particulate is a toxic air contaminant – cancer risk Diesel particulate is a toxic air contaminant – cancer risk

Environmental Impacts Ozone can damage crops, forests, native plants and property (rubbers and plastics) Ozone can damage crops, forests, native plants and property (rubbers and plastics) Particulate contributes to reduced visibility in urban and pristine areas Particulate contributes to reduced visibility in urban and pristine areas Climate change has numerous potential impacts: Climate change has numerous potential impacts: Increases in air pollution Increases in air pollution Loss of snowpack Loss of snowpack Increases in heatwave days and other extreme weather events Increases in heatwave days and other extreme weather events Increases in electricity demand Increases in electricity demand Decreases in forest yields and increases in wildfire risk Decreases in forest yields and increases in wildfire risk Agricultural: pests and disease increases Agricultural: pests and disease increases

Ozone Ozone Current Rate of Progress Report indicates emission reductions are occurring and we are on the right track Current Rate of Progress Report indicates emission reductions are occurring and we are on the right track New plan being developed to meet 8-hour standard New plan being developed to meet 8-hour standard Significant new reductions will be needed Significant new reductions will be needed New conformity baseline will be developed/evaluated New conformity baseline will be developed/evaluated Blueprint/land use measures will be critical for all pollutants. Blueprint/land use measures will be critical for all pollutants. Particulate matter Particulate matter Designations expected in November 2009 Designations expected in November 2009 New plan must show attainment by 2015/2020 New plan must show attainment by 2015/2020 Some control measures are already being implemented Some control measures are already being implemented Local transportation impact depends on state/federal efforts Local transportation impact depends on state/federal efforts Climate change Climate change Pavley Bill – CO2 reductions with 2009 model year Pavley Bill – CO2 reductions with 2009 model year California Action Plan due – Mandatory registration? California Action Plan due – Mandatory registration? State Implementation Plans (How to Get Clean Air)

Ozone Non-attainment Area (PM Boundaries TBD)

Regional Emissions Inventory Ozone Precursors ROG + NOx + Sunlight (heat) = Ozone

A Closer Look at Mobile NOx Goods Movement

Particulate Emissions Inventory Goods Movement

Particulate Reduction Measures The CARB Diesel Risk Reduction Plan - statewide effort that will reduce diesel particulate from on- road, off-road and stationary engines 75% by 2010 and 85% by The CARB Diesel Risk Reduction Plan - statewide effort that will reduce diesel particulate from on- road, off-road and stationary engines 75% by 2010 and 85% by New engine standards New engine standards Retrofitting existing engines Retrofitting existing engines Requiring reduction in sulfur level in diesel fuel Requiring reduction in sulfur level in diesel fuel The CARB Air Quality and Land Use Handbook – Provides new guidance on project location and impacts of diesel emissions The CARB Air Quality and Land Use Handbook – Provides new guidance on project location and impacts of diesel emissions CARB has adopted anti-idling regulations for some vehicle categories CARB has adopted anti-idling regulations for some vehicle categories

More Reduction Measures Local AQMD incentive programs pay the incremental cost to install emission reducing technologies (low-emission engines and after- treatment devices) Local AQMD incentive programs pay the incremental cost to install emission reducing technologies (low-emission engines and after- treatment devices) $55 Million/4.8 Tons per day of NOx $55 Million/4.8 Tons per day of NOx Local AQMD existing regulations for stationary and area sources of particulate Local AQMD existing regulations for stationary and area sources of particulate July 2005 local AQMD work plan to establish control requirements for July 2005 local AQMD work plan to establish control requirements for Residential wood burning Residential wood burning Fugitive dust Fugitive dust Combustion emissions Combustion emissions Transportation emission sources Transportation emission sources

More Measures Are Needed Additional regulations/incentive programs are needed to address idling vehicles Additional regulations/incentive programs are needed to address idling vehicles Multi-regional trucks and their emissions need multi-jurisdictional solution Multi-regional trucks and their emissions need multi-jurisdictional solution Impact of 8-hour SIP requirements will be known this fall. Impact of 8-hour SIP requirements will be known this fall. New conformity evaluation and baseline will be required for roads and airports New conformity evaluation and baseline will be required for roads and airports

Will Goods Movement Affect Air Quality? Preliminary Emissions Estimates CARB has published emission estimates in its draft Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and International Goods Movement 2001 vs CARB has published emission estimates in its draft Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and International Goods Movement 2001 vs Not sure if CARB is catching all the expected increases Not sure if CARB is catching all the expected increases

Statewide Ports and International Goods Movement Emissions: 2001 v CARB Estimates

In Summary A continued unified effort on the part of state and local agencies is needed to ensure increases in emissions that may result from increases in goods movement in the Sacramento region do not impair the ability of the region to attain the federal and state air quality standards. Questions?