with Solids, Liquids, & Gases What’s the Matter with Solids, Liquids, & Gases

Matter- Anything that takes up space and has mass What is Matter Matter- Anything that takes up space and has mass The substance that an object is made of Every form of matter has two kinds of properties- physical and chemical

Physical Properties of Matter A physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance -Physical state -Temperature for freezing, boiling, or vaporizing -Ability to dissolve in water -Hardness, texture, color, and flexibility Can be used to classify matter (ex. Metals are flexible and can conduct heat and electricity)

Chemical Properties of Matter Chemical properties are characteristics of a pure substance that describe its ability to change into different substances -Properties can be used to classify substances -Examples: Ability to burn and/or react with other substances Only observed when the original substance is changed into a different substance -New substances may have different properties then the original substances

Changes in Matter Matter can undergo two basic types of changes- physical changes and chemical changes Physical changes- alters the form or appearance of matter but does not form any new substances Chemical changes- changes in matter that produce one or more new substances

Physical Changes of Matter A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same substance after the change Changes of State- Matter can exist in three phases or states Gaseous- Has no definite shape or volume (ex.-water vapor) Liquid- Has no definite shape but a definite volume (ex.- water) Solid- Has a definite shape and volume (ex.- ice) A change in state, such as from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas, is an example of a physical change

Chemical Changes in Matter A substance undergoing a chemical change is transformed into a different substance In some chemical changes, a single substance changes into one or more other substances (ex. When hydrogen peroxide is poured on a cut it breaks down into water and oxygen gas) In other chemical changes, two or more substances combine to form different substances (ex. Iron oxide forms when iron combines with oxygen in the air) Unlike a physical change, a chemical change produces new substances with properties different from those of the original substances

States of Matter Solid The particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together.

States of Matter Liquid Liquid takes the shape of its container, but its volume does not change.

States of Matter Gas A gas takes the shape and volume of its container.

States of Matter Temperature of a Gas Why do hot gas particles move faster than cold gas particles?

Changes of State Liquid to a Gas The graph shows the temperature of a small pot of water on a stove set to high heat.

Changes of State Water Ice Melting Which circle of molecules represents water, and which represents ice? Water Ice

Changes of State Types of Vaporization Liquid water changes to water vapor by either evaporation or boiling. What are the types of vaporization occurring in each flask? Evaporation Boiling

Changes of State The Changing States of Water Why does a substance change states?

Gas Behavior Temperature and Gas Pressure When a gas is heated in a closed, rigid container, the particles move faster and collide more often. How would the change in pressure of the gas be shown on each pressure gauge?

Gas Behavior Cooling a Balloon The volume of a gas-filled balloon decreases as temperature decreases and then increases as temperature increases.

Gas Behavior Charles’s Law How would the gas particles and piston look at the different higher temperatures?

Gas Behavior Temperature and Gas Volume The data shown in the table are plotted on the graph.

Gas Behavior Boyle’s Law As weights are added to the top of each piston, the piston moves farther down in the cylinder. Rank the pressure and the volume in each of the cylinders.

Gas Behavior Boyle’s Law Graph Graphing Boyle’s Law Use the data to make a line graph. What would be a good title for the graph? Boyle’s Law Graph