Chapter 1 Matter and Change

Section 1-1: Chemistry is a Physical Science Chemistry - the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

Branches of Chemistry Organic-carbon containing compounds Inorganic-compounds with no carbon Physical-energy relationships Analytical-composition and components Biochemistry-chemistry of living things Theoretical-uses math and computers to predict chemical behaviors.

Three types of research Basic research-increases knowledge Applied research-solves a problem Technological development-production of a product that improves the quality of life

Section 1-2: Matter and Its Properties Mass Matter

Basic building Blocks of Matter Atom Element Compound

Physical Property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

Properties of Matter Extensive Property depends on the amount of matter present Intensive Property depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

Examples: boiling point volume mass density conductivity intensive extensive

Properties Examples: melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air physical chemical

Physical Change changes the form of a substance without changing its identity properties remain the same Chemical Change changes the identity of a substance products have different properties Also known as a chemical reaction

Changes Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log melting ice grinding spices chemical physical

Four States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume

Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume

Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume

Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs

MATTER MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no Can it be chemically decomposed? Is the composition uniform?

Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Mixtures Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol

Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

Pure Substances Compound composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: table salt (NaCl)

Sect. 1-3: Elements All found on periodic table Organized into groups/families (vertical) and periods (horizontal) Elements in a group have similar properties

Types of Elements Metals Shiny Lustrous Conduct heat and electricity Malleable ductile

Nonmetals Many are gases Solids are brittle Low conductivity Metalloids Some characteristics of metals, some of nonmetals semiconductors