Conflicts in the Middle East Global History & Geography 10th Grade Boys and Girls Teacher Br. Siraj July 17, 2019

Forces Shaping the Middle East Religious & Ethnic Differences __________________________ Muslims, Christians and Jews Different Sects within religions More than 30 languages Religious, racial and cultural prejudices Desire for a united Arab State Natural Resources ________________________ Largest oil fields in the world Oil-rich nations gain wealth and political and economic power Limited water supply Arguments over dams and water rights

Forces Shaping the Middle East Governments ______________________ Democracy in Israel & Turkey Absolute monarchy in some countries like Saudi Arabia and Jordan Single Party dictatorship in some countries, like Syria and Iraq Islamic Traditions ________________________ Laws of Islam Influence government, society and personal life. Anti-western feelings 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran Islamic Revival in the 1990s.

The Arab-Israeli Problem Jewish Migration to Palestine in the late 1800s British Occupation of Palestine after WW-I allowed Eastern European Jews to settle in Palestine. British declared a partition plan for Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish State (Belfour Declaration)

The Arab-Israeli Problem Arab opposition and Jewish acceptance of the Plan In 1948 after British withdrawal the Jews proclaimed an independent state of Israel in Palestine. Between 1948 and 1980s more than 2 million Jews have migrated to Israel. It became a developed nation with a lot of skilled workforce and American support.

Arab-Israeli Wars First war occurred after the creation of Israel The Arabs lost the war 700,000 Arabs became refugees Israel doubled its size 2nd war was fought in 1956 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was created

Arab-Israeli Wars A 3rd war was fought in 1967 and all of Palestine was lost 1973 Egypt and Syria launched another war against Israel. American help saved Israel 1979: Egypt and Israel signed Camp David Peace Treaty 1987: Palestinian Intifada

Arab-Israeli Wars 1993 PLO and Israel Signed the “Oslo Accord” Mutually recognizing each other. Hamas was elected to power Western Powers boycotted Hamas Conflict still going on between the Palestinians and Israelis

Loss of Palestinian Land

Other Conflicts Kurdish Problem Civil War in Lebanon War in Iraq Kurds are fighting for a separate homeland in Iran, Iraq, Syria & Turkey Civil War in Lebanon A civil War was fought in Lebanon in the 1970s & 1980s Hizbullah fights Israel War in Iraq U.S. Invasion in 2003 / Current insurgency

HOMEWORK Questions 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 on page 934