The cellular and molecular differences between acute healing wounds and chronic non-healing wounds. The cellular and molecular differences between acute.

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The cellular and molecular differences between acute healing wounds and chronic non-healing wounds. The cellular and molecular differences between acute healing wounds and chronic non-healing wounds. The healing of acute wounds (left) initiates with a transient inflammatory response as granulation tissue is formed, which provides an environment suitable for the re-epithelialisation required to complete repair. Chronic non-healing wounds (right) are often infected and exhibit persistent inflammation. By definition, re-epithelialisation has stalled but is hyper-proliferative. Granulation tissue is sub-optimal with elevated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present together with poor fibroblast and blood vessel infiltration. Fibrin cuffs can also be present that prevent the diffusion of oxygen through the wound, rendering it hypoxic. Robert Nunan et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2014;7:1205-1213 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd