IL-10 and Macrophages Orchestrate Gut Homeostasis Alberto Mantovani, Federica Marchesi  Immunity  Volume 40, Issue 5, Pages 637-639 (May 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.015 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A Schematic Representation of the Origin and Regulation of Intestinal Macrophages under Homeostatic and Inflammatory Conditions Macrophages in the gut originate from blood CX3CR1hi monocyte precursors and exert homeostatic tolerogenic functions, mediated by expression of the IL-10R. T regulatory cells are the main source of IL-10 upstream of the macrophage anti-inflammatory phenotype. Failure of macrophages to respond to IL-10 leads to a proinflammatory migratory profile (including expression of Nos2, IL-23a, Ccl5, and Ccr7 mRNA), resulting in development of colitis. Immunity 2014 40, 637-639DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.015) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions