Cognitive Development Chapter 7 /Section 2 © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

When did you stop believing? Why did you stop believing?

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory Stage 3:Concrete Operational Stage (Ages 7-11) Child is able to use mental operations Child is able to organize & manipulate information mentally Better grasp of the physical world Understand what is/is not possible New abilities in conservation, classification and seriation © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Piaget’s Concrete Operations © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Children’s abilities in this stage Able to understand conservation

Children’s abilities in this stage classification: One object can be part of more than a cognitive group Piaget would ask children, “Are there more orange flowers or more flowers?” Child “ More flowers.”

Children’s abilities in this stage Seriation: The ability to order items in a logical progression Shorter to longer Lighter to heavier Lighter to darker Quieter to louder Rougher to smoother Fast to slow

Children’s abilities in this stage Seriate mentally If Julia is taller than Anna and Anna is taller than Lynn, is Julia taller than Lynn?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Children exhibit selective attention during middle childhood More common in boys ADHD includes problems of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness For most, it persists into adolescence and adulthood Possible causes: genes, prenatal environment, and brain differences © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Difficulty following instructions Difficulty waiting their turn 7% of children ages 4-10 are diagnosed 9/10 adolescents is diagnosed 70% of children improve academic performance/peer relations

Theories of Cognitive Development Information Processing/ADHD ADHD treatments include Medication, which can lead to some side effects Slower physical growth/higher risk of depression Ritalin/Adderall Behavioral therapy including parenting training Most effective treatments include both © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Multiple Intelligence Test Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences Linguistic Intelligence Logical-mathematical Intelligence Spatial Musical Bodily-kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Language Development Vocabulary, Grammar, and Pragmatics Language development in middle childhood involves : Vocabulary—after formal schooling vocabulary expands greatly Grammar—becomes more complex and can be seen with use of conditional sentences Pragmatics—improves to a degree and can be seen in the understanding of humor © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Language Development: Bilingualism LO 7.10 Growing Up Bilingual Learning a second language does not interfere with mastering the primary language It is easier to learn language in early childhood than later in life Benefits of being bilingual Better meta-linguistic skills—awareness of underlying structure of language Higher scores on general cognitive abilities © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.